Spin pumping damping and magnetic proximity effect in Pd and Pt spin-sink layers

We investigated the spin pumping damping contributed by paramagnetic layers (Pd, Pt) in both direct and indirect contact with ferromagnetic Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$ films. We find a nearly linear dependence of the interface-related Gilbert damping enhancement $\Delta\alpha$ on the heavy-metal spin-sink layer thicknesses t$_\textrm{N}$ in direct-contact Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$/(Pd, Pt) junctions, whereas an exponential dependence is observed when Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$ and (Pd, Pt) are separated by \unit[3]{nm} Cu. We attribute the quasi-linear thickness dependence to the presence of induced moments in Pt, Pd near the interface with Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$, quantified using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. Our results show that the scattering of pure spin current is configuration-dependent in these systems and cannot be described by a single characteristic length

Europium nitride: A novel diluted magnetic semiconductor

Europium nitride is semiconducting and contains non-magnetic \3+, but sub-stoichiometric EuN has Eu in a mix of 2+ and 3+ charge states. We show that at \2+ ~concentrations near 15-20% EuN is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature as high as 120 K. The \3+ ~polarization follows that of the \2+, confirming that the ferromagnetism is intrinsic to the EuN which is thus a novel diluted magnetic semiconductor. Transport measurements shed light on the likely exchange mechanisms.Comment: 5 page

Acceleration of boiling in the desired conditions: Application of its effect in the refinery and petrochemical industries

Rectification is used in almost all the processes of refinery and petrochemical industries. In most cases light fractions or individual components in the bottom of rectification towers are significantly higher than the thermodynamic equilibrium. The reason for this is that in the specified heat supply to the distillation residue of the fractionating tower and its specific volume, the boil-up rate of the light fractions or of some hydrocarbons is lower than the required value. The authors prove that the injection of the surface active agent in a feed stream of the fractionating tower in optimal concentration aimed at the potential content of the bottom product doubles the boiling rate of the residual light fractions in the distillation residue of the fractionating tower. It reduces the residual content of the light components in the bottom of rectification towers and improves quality of the previous fraction. The described effect has an industrial approbation. The result can be used in the running of fractionating towers for various purposes. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen