INFLUENCE OF DOUBLE SOLUTION TREATMENT ON HARDNESS IN 17-4 PH STEEL

The investigated material is a corrosion-resistant, Cu precipitation hardened steel 17-4PH, which undergoes a macroscopic contraction, as a result of applying the following heat treatment: double solution treatment at 1028°C for 1 h (condition A), ageing at 540°C for 4 h (condition H1025). The second solution treatment at 1028°C was found to eliminate the retained austenite, being the evidence of a completely finished martensitic transformation.Indeed, the only phase identified in all samples was fcc lath martensite exhibiting a parallel striped structure. Unfortunately, this additional heat-treatment operation leads likewise to significant and irregular grain growth, which consequently causes a drop in material hardness. Moreover, the second solution annealing, caused a shift in the XRD peaks to higher 2θ angles, resulting from a lattice parameter decrease by0,25%. The two subsequent heat-treatment procedures bring the lattice parameter back to its initial value. This seemingly reversible process of decrease and increase of the lattice parameter was observed for samples subjected to all the heat treatment operations, strongly suggesting the existence of a relation between the microstructural changes and the macroscopic contraction of the steel material. In addition to the martensitic phase, in the unaged samples, a δ- ferrite phase could be identified by TEM and electron diffraction, which is favorable for ductility and toughness of the material. In all samples, non-coherent fcc-NbC precipitates identified by electron diffraction and EDX mapping having sizes up to 70 nm were found

The Effect of Management Function on Minimum Health Services for Maternal and Child In Kupang Regency Health Care

Background: Maternal and child health programs are one of the Ministry of Health's top priorities. Because of Indonesia's high maternal mortality rate (MMR), the government has made MMR reduction a priority program in health development. Many pregnant women have still not given birth in health facilities, and maternal and child mortality rates in NTT remain high. Over the past five years, Kupang Regency has been one of the top five contributors to maternal and child mortality in East Nusa Tenggara. Objective: To determine the effect of management functions on the minimum service standards for maternal and child health at the Kupang Regency health center. Methods and Design:This is a quantitative study that was conducted in the area of the Kupang Regency health office, with a total sample of 30, using a purposive sampling technique and analyzing the data using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed a relationship between POAC and minimum service standards for maternal and child health, namely Planning (p = 0.009; OR = 25), Organizing (p = 0.015; OR = 19), Actuating (p = 0.009; OR = 25), and Controlling (p = 0.013; OR = 14); and multivariate analysis revealed that the Planning and Actuating variables had an effect simultaneously (p = 0.047; OR = 11). Conclusion: The variables that have the most influence on the minimum service standards for maternal and child health at the Kupang Regency health centers are Planning and Actuating variables

Limit of Gaussian operations and measurements for Gaussian state discrimination, and its application to state comparison

We determine the optimal method of discriminating and comparing quantum states from a certain class of multimode Gaussian states and their mixtures when arbitrary global Gaussian operations and general Gaussian measurements are allowed. We consider the so-called constant-$\hat{p}$ displaced states which include mixtures of multimode coherent states arbitrarily displaced along a common axis. We first show that no global or local Gaussian transformations or generalized Gaussian measurements can lead to a better discrimination method than simple homodyne measurements applied to each mode separately and classical postprocessing of the results. This result is applied to binary state comparison problems. We show that homodyne measurements, separately performed on each mode, are the best Gaussian measurement for binary state comparison. We further compare the performance of the optimal Gaussian strategy for binary coherent states comparison with these of non-Gaussian strategies using photon detections.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

INFLUENCE OF DOUBLE SOLUTION TREATMENT ON HARDNESS IN 17-4 PH STEEL

The investigated material is a corrosion-resistant, Cu precipitation hardened steel 17-4PH, which undergoes a macroscopic contraction, as a result of applying the following heat treatment: double solution treatment at 1028°C for 1 h (condition A), ageing at 540°C for 4 h (condition H1025). The second solution treatment at 1028°C was found to eliminate the retained austenite, being the evidence of a completely finished martensitic transformation.Indeed, the only phase identified in all samples was fcc lath martensite exhibiting a parallel striped structure. Unfortunately, this additional heat-treatment operation leads likewise to significant and irregular grain growth, which consequently causes a drop in material hardness. Moreover, the second solution annealing, caused a shift in the XRD peaks to higher 2θ angles, resulting from a lattice parameter decrease by0,25%. The two subsequent heat-treatment procedures bring the lattice parameter back to its initial value. This seemingly reversible process of decrease and increase of the lattice parameter was observed for samples subjected to all the heat treatment operations, strongly suggesting the existence of a relation between the microstructural changes and the macroscopic contraction of the steel material. In addition to the martensitic phase, in the unaged samples, a δ- ferrite phase could be identified by TEM and electron diffraction, which is favorable for ductility and toughness of the material. In all samples, non-coherent fcc-NbC precipitates identified by electron diffraction and EDX mapping having sizes up to 70 nm were found

Relations for certain symmetric norms and anti-norms before and after partial trace

Changes of some unitarily invariant norms and anti-norms under the operation of partial trace are examined. The norms considered form a two-parametric family, including both the Ky Fan and Schatten norms as particular cases. The obtained results concern operators acting on the tensor product of two finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. For any such operator, we obtain upper bounds on norms of its partial trace in terms of the corresponding dimensionality and norms of this operator. Similar inequalities, but in the opposite direction, are obtained for certain anti-norms of positive matrices. Through the Stinespring representation, the results are put in the context of trace-preserving completely positive maps. We also derive inequalities between the unified entropies of a composite quantum system and one of its subsystems, where traced-out dimensionality is involved as well.Comment: 11 pages, no figures. A typo error in Eq. (5.15) is corrected. Minor improvements. J. Stat. Phys. (in press

The sudden change phenomenon of quantum discord

Even if the parameters determining a system's state are varied smoothly, the behavior of quantum correlations alike to quantum discord, and of its classical counterparts, can be very peculiar, with the appearance of non-analyticities in its rate of change. Here we review this sudden change phenomenon (SCP) discussing some important points related to it: Its uncovering, interpretations, and experimental verifications, its use in the context of the emergence of the pointer basis in a quantum measurement process, its appearance and universality under Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics, its theoretical and experimental investigation in some other physical scenarios, and the related phenomenon of double sudden change of trace distance discord. Several open questions are identified, and we envisage that in answering them we will gain significant further insight about the relation between the SCP and the symmetry-geometric aspects of the quantum state space.Comment: Lectures on General Quantum Correlations and their Applications, F. F. Fanchini, D. O. Soares Pinto, and G. Adesso (Eds.), Springer (2017), pp 309-33

Structural and ultrastructural alterations in human olfactory pathways and possible associations with herpesvirus 6 infection

Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Skuja et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Structural and ultrastructural alterations in human olfactory pathways and putative associations with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection were studied. The olfactory bulb/tract samples from 20 subjects with an unspecified encephalopathy determined by pathomorphological examination of the brain autopsy, 17 healthy age-matched and 16 younger controls were used. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 60, 29, and 19% of cases in these groups, respectively. In the whole encephalopathy group, significantly more HHV-6 positive neurons and oligodendrocytes were found in the gray matter, whereas, significantly more HHV-6 positive astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia/macrophages and endothelial cells were found in the white matter. Additionally, significantly more HHV-6 positive astrocytes and, in particular, oligodendrocytes were found in the white matter when compared to the gray matter. Furthermore, when only HHV-6 PCR+ encephalopathy cases were studied, we observed similar but stronger associations between HHV-6 positive oligodendrocytes and CD68 positive cells in the white matter. Cellular alterations were additionally evidenced by anti-S100 immunostaining, demonstrating a significantly higher number of S100 positive cells in the gray matter of the whole encephalopathy group when compared to the young controls, and in the white matter when compared to both control groups. In spite the decreased S100 expression in the PCR+ encephalopathy group when compared to PCR- cases and controls, groups demonstrated significantly higher number of S100 positive cells in the white compared to the gray matter. Ultrastructural changes confirming the damage of myelin included irregularity of membranes and ballooning of paranodal loops. This study shows that among the cellular targets of the nervous system, HHV-6 most severely affects oligodendrocytes and the myelin made by them.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP154H1 from the thermophilic soil bacterium Thermobifida fusca

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are valuable biocatalysts due to their ability to hydroxylate unactivated carbon atoms using molecular oxygen. We have cloned the gene for a new cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, named CYP154H1, from the moderately thermophilic soil bacterium Thermobifida fusca. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli at up to 14% of total soluble protein and purified to homogeneity in three steps. CYP154H1 activity was reconstituted using putidaredoxin reductase and putidaredoxin from Pseudomonas putida DSM 50198 as surrogate electron transfer partners. In biocatalytic reactions with different aliphatic and aromatic substrates of varying size, the enzyme converted small aromatic and arylaliphatic compounds like ethylbenzene, styrene, and indole. Furthermore, CYP154H1 also accepted different arylaliphatic sulfides as substrates chemoselectively forming the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones. The enzyme is moderately thermostable with an apparent melting temperature of 67°C and exhibited still 90% of initial activity after incubation at 50°C

Measurement-induced geometric measures of correlations based on the trace distance for two-qubit X states

We apply the modified Brodutch and Modi method of constructing geometric measures of correlations to obtain analytical expressions for measurement-induced geometric classical and quantum correlations based on the trace distance for two-qubit X states. Moreover, we study continuity of the classical and quantum correlations for these states. In particular, we show that these correlations may not be continuous

Advances in photonic quantum sensing

Quantum sensing has become a mature and broad field. It is generally related with the idea of using quantum resources to boost the performance of a number of practical tasks, including the radar-like detection of faint objects, the readout of information from optical memories or fragile physical systems, and the optical resolution of extremely close point-like sources. Here we first focus on the basic tools behind quantum sensing, discussing the most recent and general formulations for the problems of quantum parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. With this basic background in our hands, we then review emerging applications of quantum sensing in the photonic regime both from a theoretical and experimental point of view. Besides the state-of-the-art, we also discuss open problems and potential next steps.Comment: Review in press on Nature Photonics. This is a preliminary version to be updated after publication. Both manuscript and reference list will be expande