Propiedades insecticidas del polvo de Laurelia sempervirens L. para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Sitophilus zeamais is a key pest of stored cereals. The insecticidal properties of Laurelia semper v irens powder against S. zeamais were assessed in laboratory. The variable evaluated were morta lity of adult insects by contact and fumigant toxicity, mortality of immature insects by contact toxicity, residual effect of powder stored under environmental or refrigerated conditions, adult insect em ergence (F1), repellency and weight reduction and ger mination of maize. The concentrations evaluated were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% and the experimental design was completely randomly. In contact toxicity bioassay all treatments showed mortality over 90% while fumi gant activity did not exceed 40%. The F1 only was registered in treatment of 0.25% and control showing all other treatments 0%. In immature control bioassay all treatments exhibited statistical differences with control. The storage of powder under refrigerated cond itions not improved the resid ual effect. All concentrations of powder assessed showed repellence. Germination and grain weight loss of maize seeds not showed significant differences with control. We concluded that L. sempervirens has promissory perspectives to stored grain pests contr ol

Trampas tratadas con Pimpinella anisum, como atrayente de trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en rosal

The cultivation of roses represents one of the main activities of the floricultural zone of the region of Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico. Thrips are a complex of insect pests, which affect the quality of the bud of the cut rose, causing damages of distortion of the petal and suction of the cellular content and by its effect a deterioration of the aesthetic quality of the floral button. Derived from the short biological cycle, the misuse of chemical molecules and consequently the ability to develop resistance, thrips represent the second most important pest of the rose after red spider. Due to the above, there is a need to find ecological and sustainable alternatives in the production process and specifically the sampling of the insects described. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the impregnation of blue traps with different concentrations of anise, Pimpinella anisum L. in the capture of thrips, during six weeks in the time of greater presence of the pest in the cultivation of cv. Polo®, in El Islote, Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico. 11 treatments were established with four replicates each, including one control without impregnation. The extract of the anise fruit at 50 g L-1 of water captured, on average, 76 trap-1 thrips and the 40-trap trap-1 control, which represents 90% increase in capture from the unimpregnated blue trap.El cultivo de rosal representa una de las principales actividades de la zona florícola de la región de Villa Guerrero, Estado de México. Los trips son un complejo de especies insectiles plaga, que afectan la calidad del botón de la rosa de corte, ocasionando daños de distorsión del pétalo y succión del contenido celular y por su efecto un deterioro de la calidad estética del botón floral. Derivado del ciclo biológico corto, el mal uso de moléculas químicas y por consecuencia la capacidad de desarrollar resistencia, los trips representan la segunda plaga más importante del rosal después de araña roja. Por lo anterior existe la necesidad de buscar alternativas ecológicas y sustentables en el proceso de producción y en específico el muestreo de los insectos descritos. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la impregnación de trampas azules con diferentes concentraciones de anís, Pimpinella anisum L. en la captura de trips, durante seis semanas en la época de mayor presencia de la plaga en el cultivo de rosal de corte cv. Polo®, en El Islote, Villa Guerrero, Estado de México. Se establecieron 11 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones cada uno, incluyendo un testigo sin impregnación. El extracto del fruto de anís a 50 g L-1 de agua capturó en promedio, 76 trips trampa-1 y el testigo 40 trips trampa-1, que representa 90% de incremento en la captura respecto a la trampa azul sin impregnar

GIBERELINAS, CITOCININAS Y PROTECTOR FLORAL EN LA CALIDAD DE LA FLOR DE ROSAL (Rosa x Hybrida)

The traditional system to produce flower buds of cut rose is inefficient in the producing areas of the state of Mexico, since very few of them achieve a high quality. The present work had the objective of evaluating the use of floral protectors alone or with phytohormones (gibberellins or cytokines) to increase the quality of the floral bud. The flowering protector prevented the entry of thrips to the floral button and increased the quality of the floral button in both the Black Magic variety and the Polo. The floral protector alone and with gibberellins contributed to promote the quality of the floral button. The cytokinins used to inhibit both the floral bud and the floral protector increased the floral bud quality at an optimal dose of 0.001 mg * L-1. However, doses equal to or greater than 100 mg * L-1 damaged the floral structure.El sistema tradicional para producir botones florales de rosa de corte es ineficiente en las zonas productoras del estado d Mexico, ya que muy pocos de ellos logran una alta calidad. El presente trabajo tuvo el obejtivo de evaluar el uso de protecotres florales solos o impreganados con fitohormonas (giberelinas o citocinias ) para aumentar la calidad del boton floral. El protector florar impidio el ingreso de trips al boton floral e incremento la calidad del boton floral tanto en la variedad Black Magic como en la Polo. El protector floral solo y con giberelinas contribuyo a auamnetar la calidad del boton floral. Las citocininas utilizadas para impegnar tanto el boton floral como el protector floral aumentaron la calidad del boton floral en dosis optima de 0,001 mg*L-1 sin embargo, dosis iguales o mayores de 100mg*L-1 danaron la estructura floral

Resistencia de cuatro poblaciones del acaro (Tetranychus urticae Koch) a propargite en rosa de corte (Rosa x hybrida) en el Estado de México, México

The red spider, Tetranychus urticae Koch., Is one of the most important plagues of the cut rose, (Rosa x hybrida), in the State of Mexico and its combat is realized mainly by the use of acaricides like the propargite; Which the producers initially used with satisfactory results and currently does not control this pest. In order to estimate the level of resistance to this acaricide, in 2007 its response to this acaricide was evaluated in populations from Coatepec Harinas, Tenancingo, Villa Guerrero and Zumpahuacán, State of Mexico. At least 4000 nymphs and 2,000 adults were harvested from each locality under greenhouse cutting and reproduced until F1 to perform the bioassays. The range of doses that eliminated 0 to 100% of treated individuals (biological window) was determined. Subsequently, five to seven concentrations covering this range were included. Five replicates were performed four on different consecutive days. Red spider populations from Coatepec Flour (RR95 = 7.9 ×), Villa Guerrero (RR95 = 1.3 ×) and Zumpahuacán (RR95 = 11 ×) are considered susceptible to propargite; While the population of Tenancingo (RR95 = 90.1 ×) is considered resistant to this acaricide.La araña roja, Tetranychus urticae Koch., es una de las plagas más importantes de la rosa de corte, (Rosa x hybrida), en el Estado de México y su combate se realiza principalmente mediante el uso de acaricidas como el propargite; mismo que los productores usaron inicialmente con resultados satisfactorios y actualmente no controla esta plaga. Con el objetivo de estimar el nivel de resistencia a dicho acaricida, en el año 2007 se evaluó su respuesta a dicho acaricida en poblaciones provenientes de Coatepec Harinas, Tenancingo, Villa Guerrero y Zumpahuacán, Estado de México. De cada localidad se recolectaron al menos 4 000 ninfas y 2 000 adultos en el cultivo de rosa de corte bajo invernadero y se reprodujeron hasta F1 para realizar los bioensayos. Se determinó el rango de dosis que eliminaba el 0 a 100% de los individuos tratados (ventana biológica). Posteriormente se incluyeron de cinco a siete concentraciones que cubrieron dicho rango. Se realizaron cinco repeticiones cuatro en días consecutivos diferentes. Las poblaciones de araña roja provenientes de Coatepec Harinas (RR95= 7.9×), Villa Guerrero (RR95=1.3×) y Zumpahuacán (RR95= 11×) se consideran susceptibles a propargite; mientras que la población de Tenancingo (RR95 = 90.1×) se considera resistente a dicho acaricida