“Todos somos filhos do café”: sociologia política da greve do setor cafeeiro

Between February 25 and March 8, 2013, in Colombia the most important protest took place in the history of the coffee union, the National Strike Coffee. This work examines the factors that made possible this collective action. First, reconstructs the political contest between protesters and opponents and their strategies at different times. Second, the explanatory variables of the protest, the political opportunity structure in which it occurs, the structures that endured mobilization and collective action frames that were implemented. The trigger one of the protest was the crisis without precedents of the coffee sector. Nevertheless, the magnitude that reached had not been possible without a previous process of organization, in the frame of the Movement for the Defense and Coffee Dignity, which allowed to plan and to develop collective supported actions, to implement a few discursive strategies to articulate different actors to his fight and to take advantage of this form of the political relating to the moment opportunities.Entre el 25 de febrero y el 8 de marzo de 2013, en Colombia tuvo lugar la protesta más importante en la historia del gremio cafetero, el Paro Nacional Cafetero. Este trabajo examina los factores que hicieron posible esta acción colectiva. En la primera parte se reconstruye la contienda política entre los manifestantes y sus adversarios, y sus estrategias en distintos momentos. En la segunda se examinan las variables explicativas de la protesta, la estructura de oportunidad política (EOP) en que tiene lugar, las estructuras de movilización que la soportaron y los marcos de acción colectiva que se pusieron en práctica. El desencadenante de la protesta fue la crisis sin precedentes del sector cafetero. Sin embargo, la magnitud que alcanzó no hubiera sido posible sin un proceso previo de organización, en el marco del Movimiento por la Defensa y Dignidad Cafetera, que permitió planear y desarrollar acciones colectivas sostenidas, implementar unas estrategias discursivas para articular distintos actores a su lucha y aprovechar de esa forma las oportunidades políticas coyunturales.Entre 25 de fevereiro e 8 de março de 2013 ocorreu na Colômbia o maior protesto da história da federação do café, a greve do setor cafeeiro. Esse trabalho examina os fatores que tornaram possível essa ação coletiva. Na primeira parte se reconstrói a disputa política entre os manifestantes e seus adversários e suas estratégias em momentos distintos. Na segunda se examinam as variáveis explicativas do protesto, a estrutura de oportunidade política (EOP) em que teve lugar, as estruturas de mobilização que a apoiaram e os marcos de ação coletiva que foram implementados. O disparador para os protestos foi a crise sem precedentes no setor cafeeiro. No entanto, a magnitude que alcançou não seria possível sem um processo de organização prévio no âmbito do Movimento para a Defesa e Dignidade Cafeeira, que permitiu planejar e desenvolver ações coletivas sustentadas, implementar estratégias discursivas para articular diversos atores em sua luta e dessa forma aproveitar as oportunidades políticas conjunturais

Epidemiological Situation of Monkeypox Transmission by Possible Sexual Contact: A Systematic Review

Monkeypox (MPX), a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has re-emerged worldwide with numerous confirmed cases with person-to-person transmission through close contacts, including in sexual networks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological situation of monkeypox transmission by possible sexual contact. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until 18 August 2022. The key search terms used were “monkeypox”, “sexual contact”, “sexual intercourse” and “sexual transmission”. A total of 1291 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After eliminating duplicates (n = 738) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 28 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with a detailed description of clinical features, sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location and course of skin lesions, and treatment were included. A total of 4222 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 3876 monkeypox cases are the result of transmission by sexual contact distributed in twelve countries: 4152 cases were male with a mean age of 36 years. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, malaise, and painful perianal and genital lesions. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, oral, trunk, upper and lower extremities. Patients were in good clinical condition, with treatment based on analgesics and antipyretics to relieve some symptoms of monkeypox. A high proportion of STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms were found, suggesting transmissibility through local inoculation during close skin-to-skin or mucosal contact during sexual activity. The highest risk of monkeypox transmission occurs in men who have sex with men, and MPXV DNA could be recovered in seminal fluid. It is essential to establish health policies for the early detection and management of patients with monkeypox

The Genesis stent: A new low-profile stent for use in infants, children, and adults with congenital heart disease

Placement of intravascular stents that can reach adult size in infants and smaller children has been limited by the large profile and poor flexibility of currently available stents. In vitro and in vivo testing of the Genesis stent was performed to evaluate crimpability, predeployment flexibility, and radial strength. Comparisons were made to the Palmaz iliac and IntraStent (IS) LD stents. Nine physicians placed 30 Genesis stents in swine pulmonary and systemic arteries to evaluate stent deliverability/crimpability. Two swine were recovered and underwent a second catheterization 8 weeks later, where the stents (n = 8) were reexpanded to maximal size. Angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) assessments were performed. In vitro testing revealed the Genesis stent to have superior crimpability, flexibility, and comparable radial strength to the Palmaz iliac stent, and superior crimpability and radial strength and comparable flexibility to the IS LD series. During in vivo testing, the physicians graded the Genesis stent superior to the Palmaz stent regarding crimpability and deliverability, and superior to the IS LD stent in regard to crimpability, and comparable to or superior in deliverability. In the chronic animals, the Genesis stent was expanded up to maximal diameter 8 weeks following implantation. Angiographic and IVUS revealed no fractures no in-stent restenosis. The Genesis stent can be easily delivered through smaller sheaths, which will facilitate their use in infants and smaller children with vascular stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:406–414. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35255/1/10547_ftp.pd

Contemporary research in minoritized and diaspora languages of Europe

This volume provides a collection of research reports on multilingualism and language contact ranging from Romance, to Germanic, Greco and Slavic languages in situations of contact and diaspora. Most of the contributions are empirically-oriented studies presenting first-hand data based on original fieldwork, and a few focus directly on the methodological issues in such research. Owing to the multifaceted nature of contact and diaspora phenomena (e.g. the intrinsic transnational essence of contact and diaspora, and the associated interplay between majority and minoritized languages and multilingual practices in different contact settings, contact-induced language change, and issues relating to convergence) the disciplinary scope is broad, and includes ethnography, qualitative and quantitative sociolinguistics, formal linguistics, descriptive linguistics, contact linguistics, historical linguistics, and language acquisition. Case studies are drawn from Italo-Romance varieties in the Americas, Spanish-Nahuatl contact, Castellano Andino, Greko/Griko in Southern Italy, Yiddish in Anglophone communities, Frisian in the Netherlands, Wymysiöryś in Poland, Sorbian in Germany, and Pomeranian and Zeelandic Flemish in Brazil

Contemporary research in minoritized and diaspora languages of Europe

This volume provides a collection of research reports on multilingualism and language contact ranging from Romance, to Germanic, Greco and Slavic languages in situations of contact and diaspora. Most of the contributions are empirically-oriented studies presenting first-hand data based on original fieldwork, and a few focus directly on the methodological issues in such research. Owing to the multifaceted nature of contact and diaspora phenomena (e.g. the intrinsic transnational essence of contact and diaspora, and the associated interplay between majority and minoritized languages and multilingual practices in different contact settings, contact-induced language change, and issues relating to convergence) the disciplinary scope is broad, and includes ethnography, qualitative and quantitative sociolinguistics, formal linguistics, descriptive linguistics, contact linguistics, historical linguistics, and language acquisition. Case studies are drawn from Italo-Romance varieties in the Americas, Spanish-Nahuatl contact, Castellano Andino, Greko/Griko in Southern Italy, Yiddish in Anglophone communities, Frisian in the Netherlands, Wymysiöryś in Poland, Sorbian in Germany, and Pomeranian and Zeelandic Flemish in Brazil

Contemporary research in minoritized and diaspora languages of Europe

This volume provides a collection of research reports on multilingualism and language contact ranging from Romance, to Germanic, Greco and Slavic languages in situations of contact and diaspora. Most of the contributions are empirically-oriented studies presenting first-hand data based on original fieldwork, and a few focus directly on the methodological issues in such research. Owing to the multifaceted nature of contact and diaspora phenomena (e.g. the intrinsic transnational essence of contact and diaspora, and the associated interplay between majority and minoritized languages and multilingual practices in different contact settings, contact-induced language change, and issues relating to convergence) the disciplinary scope is broad, and includes ethnography, qualitative and quantitative sociolinguistics, formal linguistics, descriptive linguistics, contact linguistics, historical linguistics, and language acquisition. Case studies are drawn from Italo-Romance varieties in the Americas, Spanish-Nahuatl contact, Castellano Andino, Greko/Griko in Southern Italy, Yiddish in Anglophone communities, Frisian in the Netherlands, Wymysiöryś in Poland, Sorbian in Germany, and Pomeranian and Zeelandic Flemish in Brazil