Estudos das propriedades magnéticas e estruturais do composto La2Ni0.5Li0.5O4

Orientador: Carlos RettoriDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb WataghinResumo: Desde sua descoberta, os supercondutores de alta temperatura crítica (T c ) têm sido centro de intensos estudos em busca de esclarecimentos para se entender e descrever a natureza e as propriedades físicas do estado supercondutor destes materiais, podendo com isso, viabilizar seu aproveitamento para aplicação tecnológica. Recentemente, vários tipos de óxidos supercondutores de alta-T c têm sido encontrados. Esta corrida para obter tais compostos se deu devido a ambição de compreender o mecanismo de supercondutividade nos óxidos de Cu, incentivando a criação de vários outros materiais, também óxidos, baseados em metais de transição (3d). Dessa maneira, nesta última década, os estudos das propriedades físicas e estruturais de óxidos de estruturas tipo K 2 NiF 4 têm sido sujeito de grande interesse. Levadas por esta motivação, várias investigações sobre os efeitos da dopagem por buracos (hole-doping) via substituição de Li em La2CuO4 e La 2NiO4 têm sido realizadas (Sarrao et al, 1996). Com base nos resultados obtidos para La2Cu1-xLi xO4 é que os compostos La2Ni1-x Li xO4 dopados via substituição de Li foram sintetizados e estudados neste trabalho. As técnicas utilizadas foram fundamentalmente Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE) em 4 bandas (S (4.1 GHz), X (9.5 GHz), Q (34.5 GHz) e W (218.7 GHz)), magnetização dc, Espectroscopia Raman e Difração de Raios-X e de Nêutrons em função da temperatura (T). Estudos estruturais confirmam um parcial ordenamento dos cátions Ni e Li em sítios metálicos. Com a diminuição da temperatura, medidas de RPE mostram um aumento na anisotropia do valor-g (g^ - g//) e experimentos de Difração de Nêutrons e de Raios-X comprovam um aumento na razão dos parâmetros de rede c/a. Estes resultados são interpretados em termos da estabilização do íon Ni 3+ (3d 7 ) na configuração low-spin 2A1g associada às distorções do octaedro de NiO6 devido a presença do efeito Jahn-Teller nestes compostosAbstract: Since their discovery, superconductors of high critical temperature (Tc ) have been the center of intense studies in search of understanding and description of the nature and physical properties of the superconducting state in these materials, so as to make possible their technological application. Recently, several types of high critical temperature superconducting oxides have been found. This race to obtain such compounds has been taking place because of an ambition to understand the mechanism of superconductivity in copper oxides, and thus stimulating the development of various other oxides based on transition metals. So, in the last decade, studies of the physical and structural properties of K2NiF4structured oxides have been subject of much interest. Driven by this motivation, several investigations into the effects of hole-doping via substitution of Li in La2CuO4have been carried out (Sarrao et al, 1996). Based on the results obtained for La2Cu1-xLixO4, the compounds La2Ni1-xLixO 4(doped via substitution of Li) were synthesized and studied in the present work. The techniques used were basically Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) in 4 Bands (S (4.1 GHz), X (9.5 GHz), Q (34.1 GHz) and W (218.7 GHz)), dc magnetization, Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray and Neutron Diffraction as a function of temperature (T). Structural studies confirm a partial cation ordering of Ni and Li at the metal sites. As the temperature decreases, EPR measurements indicate an increase in the g-value anisotropy (g^ ¿ g //), and experiments of Neutron and X-ray Diffraction prove an increase in the lattice parameters ratio c/a. These results are interpreted in terms of the stabilization of the ion Ni 3+ (3d 7 ) inthe 2A1glow-spin configuration associated with the distortions of the NiO6 octahedron due to the presence of Jahn-Teller effect in these compoundsMestradoFísicaMestre em Físic

Synthesis, characterization, and incorporation of upconverting nanoparticles into a dental adhesive

The purpose of this study was to describe the synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of b-NaYF4:30%Yb/0.5%Tm upconverting nanocrystals for use as nanofillers in a dental adhesive and microscopically evaluate the interface between the particles and a commercial adhesive. The upconverting nanoparticles were synthesized and purified by thermal decomposition, and their chemical composition determined by energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. The crystalline structure was characterized using X-Ray diffraction and morphology and size were observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Upconverting emission was evaluated by spectrophotometry irradiating the particles with a 975 nm diode laser. Particles were functionalized with polyacrylic acid and the success was confirmed by measurement of Zeta Potential and transmission electron microscopy. The results of X-ray diffraction found a pure hexagonal phase crystalline pattern. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion of hexagonal-shaped particles of approximately 150 nm. Upconversion emission was observed in 344 nm, 361 nm, 450 nm, 474nm, 646 nm, 803 nm. Functionalization success was confirmed by formation of a stable aqueous colloid with a Zeta potential of -29.5mV and the absence of voids in the particle-adhesive interface on the transmission electron microscopy images. The reported synthesis and functionalization process produced upconverting nanoparticles emitting photons within the blue spectral region (450 nm and 474 nm).Fil: Rocha Pacheco, Rafael. University Of Detroit Mercy; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia Flores, Ali Francisco. Universidad Federal do Abc; BrasilFil: Soto Montero, Jorge Rodrigo. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Lesseux, Guilherme Gorgen. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rocha Acosta Lancelotti, Ailla Carla. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Martínez, Eduardo David. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Rettori, Carlos. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Rodrigues Urbano, Ricardo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rueggeberg, Frederick Allen. No especifíca;Fil: Giannini, Marcelo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasi

Supplemental Material for 'A new collared lizard (Tropidurus, Tropiduridae) endemic to the western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests. (American Museum novitates, no. 3896)'

Supplemental Material for 'A new collared lizard (Tropidurus, Tropiduridae) endemic to the western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests. (American Museum novitates, no. 3896)

A new collared lizard (Tropidurus, Tropiduridae) endemic to the western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests

no. 389

Through the Looking Glass: The Spectacle in Gymnophthalmid Lizards

The anatomy and development of the eyelids in squamate reptiles are still relatively unknown, considering its variation within the group. The neotropical Gymnophthalmini are traditionally characterized by having lost the eyelids, but their structure is not well described. In this study, the embryonic development and the adult morphology of the gymnophthalmid eye, with special attention to the eyelids, the nictitating membrane, and the spectacle are described. The eye in some Gymnophthalmini is covered by a spectacle, formed by the embryonic fusion of the dorsal and ventral eyelids, a character possibly synapomorphic to the tribe. The genus Tretioscincus, which floats either as sister to all other Gymnophthalmini, or is nested within the group, is unique in showing functional and movable eyelids. Thus, the presence of functional eyelids can be either considered as the primitive condition for the gymnophthalmini or as a re-acquisition of the character, showing the importance of a well-established phylogenetic hypothesis for understanding morphological evolution