Optical receiver design and optimisation for multi-gigahertz applications.

This thesis is concerned with structures and design techniques appropriate for the realisation of integrated optical receivers operating at multi-gigahertz frequencies. The development and practical proving of novel signal designs tailored specifically to very high bit-rate optical communication systems is reported. Timing imperfections and signal dependent noise - a result of the optical amplification deployed in all high-performance systems - are two major impairments that must be accommodated if optimum system performance is to be achieved. Here, a signal design that accommodates these impairments is developed and compared to established designs. The new signal designs are shown to provide improved performance, in particular, they exhibit tolerance to uncertainty in the exact level of the impairment. Following the derivation of the signal designs a range of practical realisations are described. A receiver amplifier GaAs MMIC for 4.8 Gbit/s operation with embedded signal shaping is described followed by the design and test of integrated post-detection filters for 10 and 15 Gbit/s systems. The susceptibility of the embedded signal shaping receiver to variations in photodiode capacitance leads to the development and test of a low inputimpedance common-gate 5 Gbit/s GaAs MMIC receiver. To effect signal shaping at very high data-rates a modified distributed amplifier structure is proposed which better utilises the capabilities of the available foundry processes. Two distributed amplifier based optical receivers with embedded signal shaping are devised and simulation results for 10 Gbit/s show the efficacy of this design approach. The implications of noise matching are investigated and a 2 GHz SCM receiver is used as a vehicle to illustrate the methods developed. The long term goal of receiver design is to fully integrate bnth optical and electrical components onto a single chip. A preliminary investigation of the feasibility of this goal is carried out on an experimental InP-based process. Two receiver designs for 10 Gbit/s were prepared as a precursor to a detailed design of an OEIC with embedded signal shaping that incorporates the novel topologies developed during this work

Optical receiver design and optimisation for multi-gigahertz applications.

This thesis is concerned with structures and design techniques appropriate for the realisation of integrated optical receivers operating at multi-gigahertz frequencies. The development and practical proving of novel signal designs tailored specifically to very high bit-rate optical communication systems is reported. Timing imperfections and signal dependent noise - a result of the optical amplification deployed in all high-performance systems - are two major impairments that must be accommodated if optimum system performance is to be achieved. Here, a signal design that accommodates these impairments is developed and compared to established designs. The new signal designs are shown to provide improved performance, in particular, they exhibit tolerance to uncertainty in the exact level of the impairment. Following the derivation of the signal designs a range of practical realisations are described. A receiver amplifier GaAs MMIC for 4.8 Gbit/s operation with embedded signal shaping is described followed by the design and test of integrated post-detection filters for 10 and 15 Gbit/s systems. The susceptibility of the embedded signal shaping receiver to variations in photodiode capacitance leads to the development and test of a low inputimpedance common-gate 5 Gbit/s GaAs MMIC receiver. To effect signal shaping at very high data-rates a modified distributed amplifier structure is proposed which better utilises the capabilities of the available foundry processes. Two distributed amplifier based optical receivers with embedded signal shaping are devised and simulation results for 10 Gbit/s show the efficacy of this design approach. The implications of noise matching are investigated and a 2 GHz SCM receiver is used as a vehicle to illustrate the methods developed. The long term goal of receiver design is to fully integrate bnth optical and electrical components onto a single chip. A preliminary investigation of the feasibility of this goal is carried out on an experimental InP-based process. Two receiver designs for 10 Gbit/s were prepared as a precursor to a detailed design of an OEIC with embedded signal shaping that incorporates the novel topologies developed during this work

Determination of the lactate threshold and maximal blood lactate steady state intensity in aged rats

The reliability of the lactate threshold (LT) determined in aged rats and its, validity to identify an exercise intensity corresponding to the maximal blood lactate steady state (MLSS) were analyzed. Eighteen male aged Wistar rats (similar to 365 days) were submitted to two incremental swimming tests until exhaustion, consisting of an initial load corresponding to 1% of body mass (BM) and increments of 1% BM at each 3-min with blood lactate ([lac]) measurements. The LT was determined by visual inspection (LT(V)) as well by applying a polynomial function on the [lac]/workload ratio (LT(P)) by considering the vertices of the curve. For the MLSS, twelve animals were submitted, on different days, to 3-4 exercise sessions of 30-min with workload corresponding to 4, 5 or 6% BM. The MLSS was considered the highest exercise intensity at which the [lac] variation was not higher than 0.07 mM.min(-1) during the last 20-min. No differences were observed for the test-retest results (4.9 +/- 0.7 and 5.0 +/- 0.8 %BM for LTv; and 6.0 +/- 0.6 and 5.8 +/- 0.6 %BM for LTp) that did not differ from the MLSS (5.4 +/- 0.5 %BM). The LT identified for aged rats in swimming, both by visual inspection and polynomial function, was reliable and did not differ from the MLSS. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Strategic R&D Programme on Technologies for Future Experiments

Instrumentation is a key ingredient for progress in experimental high energy physics. The Experimental Physics Department of CERN has defined a strategic R&D (Research and Development) programme on technologies for future experiments. Provided the required resources can be made available it will start in 2020 and initially extend over five years. The selection of topics and the established work plans are the result of a transparent and open process, which lasted 14 months and involved several hundred of physicists and engineers at CERN and in the broader HEP community

I Diretriz Brasileira de Cardio-Oncologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Inst Canc Estado Sao Paulo, BR-01246 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Fac Med, Inst Coracao, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Inst Cardiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Serv Cardiol, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Hosp, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Procardiaco, Ctr Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Fdn Ctr Oncol Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilMonte Tabor Hosp Sao Rafael, Salvador, BA, BrazilFdn Beneficencia Hosp & Cirurgia, Clin Coracao, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Socor, Ecoctr, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Inst Cardiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Strategic R&D Programme on Technologies for Future Experiments - Annual Report 2020

This report summarises the activities and achievements of the strategic R&D programme on technologies for future experiments in the year 2020

Annual Report 2022

This report summarises the activities and main achievements of the CERN strategic R&D programme on technologies for future experiments during the year 202