The Effect of social security, demography and technology on retirement

This article investigates the causes in the reduction of labor force participation ofthe old. We argue that the changes in social security policy, in technology and indemography may account for most of the changes in retirement over the second partof the last century in the U.S. economy. We develop a dynamic general equilibriummodel with endogenous retirement that embeds social security legislation. The modelis able to match very closely the increase in the retirement rate of males aged 65 andolder. It also quanti es the isolated impact on retirement and on the solvency of thesocial security system of the di¤erent factors. The model suggests that technologicaland demographic changes had a strong in uence on retirement, so that it would haveincreased signi cantly even if the social security rules had not changed. However, asthe latter became much more generous in the past, changes in social security policycan account not only for a sizeable part of the expansion of retirement, but also for themost of the observed increase in the social security expenses as a share of GDP.

The Effect of Social Security, Demography and Technology on Retirement

This article investigates the causes in the reduction of labor force participation ofthe old. We argue that the changes in social security policy, in technology and indemography may account for most of the changes in retirement over the second partof the last century in the U.S. economy. We develop a dynamic general equilibriummodel with endogenous retirement that embeds social security legislation. The modelis able to match very closely the increase in the retirement rate of males aged 65 andolder. It also quanti es the isolated impact on retirement and on the solvency of thesocial security system of the di¤erent factors. The model suggests that technologicaland demographic changes had a strong in uence on retirement, so that it would haveincreased signi cantly even if the social security rules had not changed. However, asthe latter became much more generous in the past, changes in social security policycan account not only for a sizeable part of the expansion of retirement, but also for themost of the observed increase in the social security expenses as a share of GDP.

Globalization and the Industrial Revolution

This paper argues that trade specialization played an indispensable role in supportingthe Industrial Revolution, allowing the economy to shift resources to the manufacturewithout facing food and raw materials shortage. In our arti cial economy, there are twosectors agriculture and manufacture and the economy is initially closed and under aMalthusian trap. In this economy the industrial revolution entails a transition towards adynamic Heckscher-Ohlin economy. The model reproduces the main stylized facts of thetransition to modern growth and globalization. We show that two-sectors closed-economymodels cannot explain the fall in the value of land relative to wages observed in the 19thcentury and that the transition in this case is much longer than that observed allowingfor trade.

The Impact of AIDS on Income and Human Capital

This paper studies the impact of HIV/AIDS on per capita income and education. It ex-plores two channels from HIV/AIDS to income that have not been sufficiently stressed bythe literature: the reduction of the incentives to study due to shorter expected longevity andthe reduction of productivity of experienced workers. In the model individuals live for threeperiods, may get infected in the second period and with some probability die of Aids beforereaching the third period of their life. Parents care for the welfare of the future generationsso that they will maximize lifetime utility of their dynasty. The simulations predict that themost affected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will be in the future, on average, thirty percentpoorer than they would be without AIDS. Schooling will decline in some cases by forty percent.These gures are dramatically reduced with widespread medical treatment, as it increases thesurvival probability and productivity of infected individuals.

Programa bom negócio Paraná- apoio ao empreendedorismo avaliação do núcleo Maringá

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.O subprograma “Apoio ao empreendedorismo Programa Bom Negócio Paraná Cursos de Capacitação e Consultorias a Micro, Pequeno, Médio e Informais Empreendedores” é um projeto administrado pela Secretaria de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior através do programa Universidade Sem Fronteiras. Tem por objetivo reduzir a mortalidade das micro e pequenas empresas do Estado do Paraná melhorando o nível de gestão dos empreendedores, bem como por intermédio do banco Fomento Paraná conceder crédito a valores subsidiados para capital de giro e investimento em capital físico. Os resultados nos projetos iniciados em 2005 na cidade de Curitiba, resultaram em aumento do lucro, vendas e numero de clientes, espera-se que o efeito seja multiplicado para a extensão do programa administrado pela Seti. Uma das variáveis importantes para o sucesso dos programa é o atendimento e a taxa de aprovação do programa

Aplicação do “Princípio do Primeiro Revisor” na determinação da grafia correta para a recém descrita espécie de raia-manteiga do oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae)

Two distinct spellings are present in a recent description of a new species of whiptailed stingray from the Western South Atlantic Ocean: Dasyatis hipostigma and Dasyatis hypostigma. In response to inquiries from researchers concerning the correct spelling of this nominal species, the original authors hereby invoke the Principle of the First Reviser, as determined by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Article 24.2), to establish its correct spelling as Dasyatis hypostigma.Num recente trabalho de descrição de uma nova espécie de raia-manteiga do oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental são observadas duas grafias distintas: Dasyatis hipostigma e Dasyatis hypostigma. Em resposta a consultas de pesquisadores sobre qual seria a grafia correta para esta espécie nominal, os autores originais fazem uso do Princípio do Primeiro Revisor, conforme previsto no Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica (Artigo 24.2), para estabelecer a sua grafia correta como Dasyatis hypostigma

Association of Social Data

According to the ILO International Labour Organisation about 218 million children between 5 and 17 years working in the world of which 50 have jobs at risk On the basis of this information arising questions on how to understand and find the factors that comprise the ratings of child labour and which properties are important to analyze these cases With the use of data mining techniques to find valid patterns on Brazilian social databases were evaluated data of child labour in the State of Tocantins located north of Brazil with a territory of 277 thousand and composed of 139 cities This work aims to identify factors that are deterministic to the practice of child labour and their relationships with financial indicators educational social and regional generating information that are not explicit in the Government database thus enabling a better monitoring and updating policies to that en