Private Funds for Social Transformation: Philanthropy and Private Social Investment in Latin America Today

This study is the result of a joint initiative between four associations of foundations in Latin America: the Group of Foundations and Corporations in Argentina (GDFE); the Group of Institutes, Foundations and Corporations of Brazil (GIFE); the Association of Corporate and Family Foundation of Colombia (AFE), and the Mexican Center for Philanthropy (Cemefi). These organizations, with the help of the Avina Foundation and Avina Americas, the Inter-American Development Bank (BID) and the Worldwide Initiatives for Grantmaker Support (WINGS), collaborated on an analysis about the trends and challenges facing philanthropy and private social institutional investment in the region, and identify opportunities to increase the number of initiatives and improve its impact

The geometry of weakly-Einstein manifolds

The geometry of Einstein manifiolds is a well studied topic in differential geometry. Einstein metrics appear in the analysis of critical metrics for some Riemannian functionals. They add strong conditions on the manifold, so it is a natural question trying to weaken this condition. This thesis is devoted to the study of the so called weakly-Einstein manifolds. This conditions are analyzed under some special assumptions in different frames such as locally conformally flat manifolds, hypersurfaces or homogeneous manifolds. Moreover, other conditions related with the weakly-Einstein ones are also studied which are the generalized Einstein one and the two-loop renormalization flow

Structure of locally conformally flat manifolds satisfying some weakly-Einstein conditions

It is given a complete study of locally conformally flat metrics satisfying some weakly-Einstein conditions. It is shown that they are either a product Mn(c)xMn(-c) or a warped product RxfRn-1 for some specific warping function. Moreover, some conditions on locally conformally flat fixed points for the RG2 flow are pointed outS

Rules and Incentives: Mapping the Legal Framework for Non-profit Organisations and Philanthropy in Latin America and the Caribbean

For the past two years, WINGS, the Centro de Filantropía e Inversiones Sociales de la Escuela de Gobierno de la Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (CEFIS UAI) and the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy of Indiana University, have worked together to develop a comparative study on the legal frameworks in Latin America and the Caribbean that regulate donations and the life cycle of non-profit organisations.  In this report, you will find detailed information from 19 countries that reveals what regulations hinder and which ones help philanthropy in the region

Effect of arterial blood perfusion pressure on vascular conductance and muscle blood flow at rest and exercise

The adaptations of vessel diameter represented by vascular conductance (VC), muscle blood flow (MBF) and oxygen delivery (DO2est) were investigated during rest and exercise using the effects of gravity to manipulate muscle perfusion pressure (MPP) by placing the heart above (head-up tilt) and below (head-down tilt) the level of the muscle. This experimental paradigm was used to explore VC and MBF regulation and related control mechanisms during rest and exercise. Study 1 tested the repeatability of Doppler ultra- sound measurements of muscle blood flow velocity (MBV), arterial diameter, MBF and VC. The adaptations in VC and MBF (Study 2) and changes in anterograde and retro- grade MBV patterns (Study 3) were investigated during postural challenges at rest. Study 4, determined the peak VC and its fractional recruitment during transitions from rest to lower (LPO) and higher power output (HPO) calf muscle exercise in HDT and HUT. Study 5 investigated the combined effects of altered MPP and hypoxia during exercise. During rest-HDT, increases in VC compensated for the MPP reduction to maintain MBF, while in rest-HUT, MBF was reduced. Following the start of LPO and HPO exercises, MBF and VC responses were delayed in HDT and accelerated in HUT. During LPO, MBF steady- state was reduced in HUT compared to horizontal (HOR), while the greater increase in VC during HDT maintained MBF at a similar level as HUT. Post-exercise MBF recovered rapidly in all positions after LPO exercise but did not after HPOHDT. During HPOHDT, MBF was reduced despite the increase in VC, while in HPOHUT MBF was similar to that in HPOHOR. The hypoxic challenge added in exercise was met during LPOHDT by in- creased VC to compensate reduced MPP and O2 availability such that MBF maintained DO2est. However, during HPOHDT in hypoxia, VC reached maximal vasodilatory capacity, compromising MBF and DO2est. Together, these findings indicate that LPOHDT in nor- moxia or hypoxia VC increased to maintain MBF and DO2est, but during HPO functional limitation for recruitment of VC constrained MBF and DO2 in normoxia and hypoxia. Elevated muscle electromyograpic signals in HPOHDT were consistent with challenged aer- obic metabolism. MPP reduction in HDT caused slower adaptation of MBF limiting O2 availability would result in a greater O2 deficit that could contribute to an increase in the relative stress of the exercise challenge and advance the onset of muscle fatigue

El Desarrollo de Base en Comunalia: Construyendo Colectivamente a Partir de las Prácticas.

Este es un documento sobre las prácticas de desarrollo de base de los miembros de la Red de Fundaciones Comunitarias de México, Comunalia. Un documento producto del diálogo entre el autor y los equipos de las fundaciones y de la construcción colectiva con los miembros de Comunalia, sobre los criterios y elementos centrales que constituyen para la Red el núcleo del desarrollo de base. Para la elaboración de este documento, el autor, junto con la Directora de Comunalia, Laura Trejo, tuvieron conversaciones telefónicas con todos los miembros de la Red para entender el significado que le daban al concepto de desarrollo de base y al de organizaciones de base, y para identificar prácticas orientadas paor este enfoque al interior de cada fundación. Posteriormente, se realizaron visitas a la mayor parte de las fundaciones para conocer en campo, las prácticas identificadas y descritas en las conversaciones telefónicas, así como para dialogar sobre estas prácticas con los directores de las fundaciones, sus consejos y los equipos técnicos. Laura visitó catorce fundaciones y el autor, quien conocía previamente varias de las fundaciones de la Red, visitó tres para este trabajo y compartió los reportes elaborados por la Directora de Comunalia. Paralelamente a las conversaciones y visitas, se hizo una revisión documental tanto de páginas web, como de documentos relevantes de las fundaciones, para entender sus prácticas de desarrollo de base. Con esta información se realizó un taller en la Ciudad de México, el 23 y 24 de octubre del 2013. Este taller tuvo dos momentos: el primero, dedicado al concepto y definiciones del desarrollo de base y el segundo, al análisis de las buenas prácticas de desarrollo de base de los miembros de Comunalia

Fundaciones Empresariales en México: Un Estudio Exploratorio

Esta publicación explorara las dimensiones y dinámicas más relevantes para expandir la comprensión de estas entidades. Para este efecto, se diseñaron y se aplicaron la Encuesta Nacional a Fundaciones Empresariales, se coordinaron tres grupos focales y se genero un directorio actualizado de fundaciones

Post-traumatic growth among older people after the forced lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic

We explored post-traumatic growth (PTG) in older adults immediately after the forced lockdown in Spain during March to April, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also tried to identify the variables that predict PTG, focusing on the experience of COVID, sociodemographic variables, and social resources. In total 1,009 people aged 55 years and older participated in the study and completed an online questionnaire comprising the following elements: The short form of the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF), sociodemographic and social resources questions, and their experiences of COVID-19 (if they had been infected themselves or if they had experienced the loss of someone close). Results showed that only a quarter of the participants experienced higher PTG after the forced lockdown, with only age and social resources being correlated with scores on the PTGI-SF. Looking at the strengths that older adults put into action to combat the pandemic and its social and health consequences could be an important consideration when planning future social policies for this and other pandemics

Older adults' participation in artistic activities: A scoping review

This scoping review analyses existing literature on older adults’ participation in artistic activities. It identifies gaps in this research topic and suggests new directions for research. We followed the five-step process defined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and extended by Levac et al. (2010). Four electronic databases were searched, and 129 peer-reviewed articles were included in the scoping review. Research into older adults’ participation in artistic activities has grown in the last ten years. However, empirical papers tend to focus on the outcomes of older people’s participation in artistic activities, in particular the benefits. Most papers centred on facilitators to examine the antecedents of this type of participation among people in late life. Research about experiences, potentially negative consequences or barriers to older adults’ participation in artistic activities have been largely overlooked. We identified several gaps in the literature, which we classified as: related to the artistic activities that were considered; the potential costs and barriers for older adults’ participation in artistic activities; older adults’ voices and their diversity; the life course perspective; and a contextual view of research on the topic. These gaps suggest challenges that future research on older adults’ participation in artistic activities should consider

Challenges to the Effective Implementation of Competition Policy in Regulated Sectors: The Case of Telecommunications in Mexico Symposium on Competition Law and Policy in Developing Countries

This article reviews Mexico\u27s competition law and policy, with particular emphasis on the challenges that the Federal Competition Commission ( CFC ) has faced in implementing an effective competition policy. Some of the difficulties analyzed are the loopholes in the current laws, the lack of cooperation between the CFC and other sectoral regulators, and the regulatory arbitrage by market participants. These challenges are then illustrated by the developments in the telecommunications sector. This sector is particularly interesting in the case of Mexico given the overwhelming power of the dominant firm and the overlapping and even conflicting mandates of the different government authorities overseeing the sector. The article concludes with a series of specific policy recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness with which the competition authority in Mexico implements competition policy