Sorption of 2-Chlorophenol from aqueous solutions by functionalized cross-linked polymers

This manuscript describes the synthesis of three polymers based on styrene (STY), divinylbenzene (DVB) and two different vinyl monomers: methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile (AN). The STY-DVB, STY-DVB-MMA and STY-DVB-AN polymers were synthesized employing the aqueous suspension technique. Reaction yields were 73%, 81% and 75%, respectively. They were morphological and chemically characterized using different techniques. The extraction capacity of the polymers was evaluated using 2-chlorophenol. The polymer extraction capacities were evaluated varying contact time the (1 h, 3 h and 5 h), temperature (30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C), and pH (3, 5.6 and 8). The STY-DVB-AN polymer was the most efficient; it removed around 95% of the analyte using a contact time 50 h

Preparo e caracterização de filmes comestíveis de quitosana

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo a caracterização de três amostras comerciais de quitosana de baixo grau de acetilação, bem como a preparação e caracterização de filmes comestíveis a partir dessas amostras, com vistas a posterior aplicação desses filmes em recobrimento de frutos. As amostras foram caracterizadas pela massa molar, grau de acetilação, análise elementar, espectroscopia de infravermelho e análise térmica, enquanto os filmes pela análise térmica, espectroscopia de infravermelho, sólidos totais e permeabilidade ao vapor de água. As amostras comerciais mostraram diferentes massas molares que variaram de 132 a 245 kDa, graus de acetilação de 5,8 a 6,3% e apresentaram análise elementar próxima a fórmula C6H11O4N para a unidade de repetição. Os filmes produzidos apresentaram espessuras de 3,7 a 6,8 μm, sólidos totais de 2,0 a 6,3 g m-2 e permeabilidade ao vapor de água de 170,1 a 180,2 g dia–1 m–2. Os filmes de quitosana com maior teor de sólidos e menor massa molar foram menos permeáveis ao vapor de água. Nas análises de infravermelho e termogravimetria foram observados, respectivamente, os mesmos grupos funcionais e curvas semelhantes de decomposição, para as amostras e para os filmes produzidos

Bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in fresh and dried lychee fractions1

Fruit of the lychee cv. Bengal are approximately 50% peel and seeds, which are discarded. These by-products have antioxidant compounds which are capable of blocking the harmful effects of free radicals in the body. Bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, lycopene and phenols) and antioxidant activity were evaluated in different extracts, both fresh and dried at 45 °C, of the skin, pulp and seeds of the lychee, which were subjected to principal component analysis to clarify which of the compounds are responsible for this activity. Principal component analysis explained 82.90% of the variance of the antioxidant profile of the lychee. The peel displayed higher levels of phenols, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and antioxidant activity, while the seeds stood out due to their levels of lycopene. With drying, there was a decrease in the levels of ascorbic acid and beta-carotene and in antioxidant activity, with an increase in the levels of phenols and lycopene. The antioxidant activity found in the peel and seeds of the lychee is high, and is mainly due to ascorbic acid and beta-carotene, as demonstrated by principal component analysis, allowing the use of these fractions as sources of natural antioxidants

Modifications in the methods to extract pectin from cv. “Pedro Sato” guavas during ripening

<div><p>Abstract Guava is a highly perishable fruit due to its intense metabolism during ripening, with a shelf life of up to five days at room temperature. The loss of firmness during ripening is caused by the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that promote dissolution of the pectin constituents of the cell wall. Although guava is considered to be rich in pectin, the amounts reported in the literature do not exceed 2.4%, a content indicating it is not responsible for the firmness of guava. The aim of this study was to extract pectin from the guava pulp during 7 days of ripening by two methods (ethanol and EDTA extraction) and suggest modifications in the methods by adding to the extraction residue, cellulase and pectinase to degrade the cell wall structure of the fruit and obtain larger amounts of pectin, which would imply the participation of pectin in the maintenance of fruit firmness. It was possible to infer there were no differences in the pectin levels extracted by the two methods, due to sugar contamination. As from the new stage in the execution by the two methods, the extraction was more efficient: 9.10% of pectin with EDTA and 7.63% with ethanol. The pectin contents found were higher than those mentioned in the literature, better explaining their responsibility in fruit firmness.</p></div