Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in two cycles of production of yellow passion fruit.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg), durante 637 dias após o transplantio (DAT) das mudas. O experimento foi desenvolvido na área experimental da Fazenda Areão pertencente à ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba, SP. A determinação da ETc foi realizada em 4 lisímetros de drenagem, instalados no centro de uma área de 0,4 ha cultivada com maracujazeiro amarelo, no espaçamento de 3,5 m x 4,0 m, desde 21/05/99 (17 DAT). A determinação do Kc foi realizada a partir da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) estimada pelo método de Penmam-Monteith, considerando a evapotranspiração das plantas daninhas no somatório da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETcm). No período entre 32 e 91 DAT foram verificados baixos valores de ETc, devido a ocorrência de baixas temperaturas e radiação solar. A partir dos 91 DAT os valores foram crescentes atingindo o valor máximo de 23,37 L planta-1 d-1 no período compreendido entre 287 e 308 DAT, máximo florescimento e frutificação. Considerando a área total do espaçamento, com ervas daninhas ocupando as entrelinhas, este valor foi de aproximadamente 2,68 mm d-1. Verificou-se que em condições de irrigação na área total, a evapotranspiração das plantas daninhas das entrelinhas deve ser considerada, pois podem corresponder a até 90% da evapotranspiração total da área. O consumo hídrico total no primeiro ciclo de produção foi de 650 mm em 447 dias, com acúmulo térmico de 5880 graus-dia. Os valores médios de Kc aumentaram de 0,24 a 0,89 seguindo o aumento da área foliar, observada em função da projeção da copa que variou de 0,06 a 4 m2. Durante o ciclo do maracujazeiro foram determinados 6 estádios de desenvolvimento, com valores de Kc de 0,3 para a fase de desenvolvimento inicial, 0,4 para a fase de crescimento vegetativo apical, 0,5 para a fase de crescimento vegetativo lateral, 0,9 para a fase de florescimento, frutificação e maturação dos frutos, 0,8 para a fase de repouso vegetativo e 0,7 para o início do florescimento e frutificação do segundo ciclo de produção.This work had as objective to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the crop coefficient (Kc) of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg), during 637 days after the transplant (DAT) of the seedling. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Fazenda Areão which belongs to ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The determination of the ETc was made in 4 drainage lysimeters, installed in the center of an area of 0.4 ha cultivated with yellow passion fruit, in the space distance of 3.5 m x 4.0 m, since 05/21/99 (17 DAT). The determination of Kc was accomplished by the evapotranspiration reference (ETo) estimated by Penmam-Monteith Method, considering the weed evapotranspiration in the amount of the crop evapotranspiration (ETcm). In the period between 32 and 91 DAT low values were verified of ETc, due to the low temperature and solar radiation. Through of 91 DAT the values increased and reached the maximum value of 23.37 L d-1 p-1 in the period comprised between 287 and 308 DAT, maximum flowering and fruit set. Considering the total area of the spacing, with weeds occupying the interlineations, this value was of approximately 2.68 mm d-1. It was verified that under irrigation conditions in the total area the evapotranspiration of the weeds of the interlineations should be considered, therefore they can correspond up to 90% of the total evapotranspiration of the area. The total crop evapotranspiration in the first production cycle was of 650 mm in 447 days, with thermal accumulation of 5880 degree day. The average values of Kc increased from 0.24 to 0.89 following the increase of the leaf area, it was observed in function of the projection of the cup that varied from 0.06 to 4 m2. The cycle of the passion fruit showed 6 development phases, with values of Kc 0.3 for the initial development phase, 0.4 for the growth vegetative phase, 0.5 for the lateral vegetative growth phase, 0.9 for the flowering phase, fruit set and maturation of the fruits, 0.8 for the vegetative rest phase and 0.7 for the beginning of the flowering and fruit set of the second production cycle

Produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo sob diferentes níveis de irrigação e doses de potássio via fertirrigação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de irrigação e cinco doses de K aplicadas via fertirrigação por gotejamento na produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.). O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os níveis de irrigação (subparcelas) aplicados foram os seguintes: 0,25V (926,76 L); 0,50V (1.528,20 L); 0,75V (2.117,28 L); 1,00V (2.706,36 L), em que V é o volume médio de água aplicado em lisímetro contendo uma planta de maracujá. As doses de K aplicadas em kg de K2O por planta por ano foram: 0,000; 0,225; 0,450; 0,675 e 0,900. A produtividade comercial do maracujazeiro foi influenciada significativamente (P<0,01) pelas doses de K, pelos níveis de irrigação e pela interação doses de K e níveis de irrigação. Os maiores valores de produtividade comercial do maracujazeiro amarelo foram obtidos com a aplicação de doses de K e níveis de água variando de 0,450 a 0,675 kg planta-1 ano-1 de K2O e de 1.528,20 a 2.117,28 L planta-1 ano-1, respectivamente

Yield of passion fruit under different irrigation levels and potassium doses by fertirrigation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de irrigação e cinco doses de K aplicadas via fertirrigação por gotejamento na produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.). O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os níveis de irrigação (subparcelas) aplicados foram os seguintes: 0,25V (926,76 L); 0,50V (1.528,20 L); 0,75V (2.117,28 L); 1,00V (2.706,36 L), em que V é o volume médio de água aplicado em lisímetro contendo uma planta de maracujá. As doses de K aplicadas em kg de K2O por planta por ano foram: 0,000; 0,225; 0,450; 0,675 e 0,900. A produtividade comercial do maracujazeiro foi influenciada significativamente (P < 0,01) pelas doses de K, pelos níveis de irrigação e pela interação doses de K e níveis de irrigação. Os maiores valores de produtividade comercial do maracujazeiro amarelo foram obtidos com a aplicação de doses de K e níveis de água variando de 0,450 a 0,675 kg planta-1 ano-1 de K2O e de 1.528,20 a 2.117,28 L planta-1 ano-1, respectivamente.The objective of this work was to study the effect of four irrigation levels and five K doses applied through fertirrigation by drip irrigation system in the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) yield. A complete randomized block design in plot subdivided with four replications was used. The treatments resulted from the combination of four irrigation levels [0.25V (926.76 L), 0.50V (1,528.20 L), 0.75V (2,117.28 L) and 1.00V (2,706.36 L), where V is the average volume of water applied in lysimeter with passion fruit plant] with five K doses (0.000, 0.225, 0.450, 0.675 and 0.900 kg plant-1 year-1 of K2O). The commercial yield was affected by irrigation levels, K doses and by the interaction irrigation levels vs. K doses. The majors values of passion fruit commercial yield were obtained with the application of 0.450 to 0.675 kg plant-1 year-1 of K2O, and water levels of 1,528.20 to 2,117.28 L plant-1 year-1, respectively

Produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo sob diferentes níveis de irrigação e doses de potássio via fertirrigação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de irrigação e cinco doses de K aplicadas via fertirrigação por gotejamento na produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.). O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os níveis de irrigação (subparcelas) aplicados foram os seguintes: 0,25V (926,76 L); 0,50V (1.528,20 L); 0,75V (2.117,28 L); 1,00V (2.706,36 L), em que V é o volume médio de água aplicado em lisímetro contendo uma planta de maracujá. As doses de K aplicadas em kg de K2O por planta por ano foram: 0,000; 0,225; 0,450; 0,675 e 0,900. A produtividade comercial do maracujazeiro foi influenciada significativamente (P<0,01) pelas doses de K, pelos níveis de irrigação e pela interação doses de K e níveis de irrigação. Os maiores valores de produtividade comercial do maracujazeiro amarelo foram obtidos com a aplicação de doses de K e níveis de água variando de 0,450 a 0,675 kg planta-1 ano-1 de K2O e de 1.528,20 a 2.117,28 L planta-1 ano-1, respectivamente

Building the sugarcane genome for biotechnology and identifying evolutionary trends

Sugarcane is the source of sugar in all tropical and subtropical countries and is becoming increasingly important for bio-based fuels. However, its large (10 Gb), polyploid, complex genome has hindered genome based breeding efforts. Here we release the largest and most diverse set of sugarcane genome sequences to date, as part of an on-going initiative to provide a sugarcane genomic information resource, with the ultimate goal of producing a gold standard genome151CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2009/51632-1; 2009/09217-7; 2008/58243-8; 2009/09116-6; 2011/05317-7; 2008/54201-9sem informação2008/52074-0; 2010/05591-9; 2008/58031-0; 2008/52197-4; 08/52146-

West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil

In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV

SARS-CoV-2 intra-host diversity, antibody response, and disease severity after reinfection by the variant of concern Gamma in Brazil

Abstract The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma in Amazonas during early 2021 fueled a second large COVID-19 epidemic wave and raised concern about the potential role of reinfections. Very few cases of reinfection associated with the VOC Gamma have been reported to date, and their potential impact on clinical, immunological, and virological parameters remains largely unexplored. Here we describe 25 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Brazil. SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis confirmed that individuals were primo-infected with distinct viral lineages between March and December 2020 (B.1.1, B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, B.1.195, and P.2) and reinfected with the VOC Gamma between 3 to 12 months after primo-infection. We found a similar mean cycle threshold (Ct) value and limited intra-host viral diversity in both primo-infection and reinfection samples. Sera of 14 patients tested 10–75 days after reinfection displayed detectable neutralizing antibodies (NAb) titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants that circulated before (B.1.*), during (Gamma), and after (Delta and Omicron) the second epidemic wave in Brazil. All individuals had milder or no symptoms after reinfection, and none required hospitalization. These findings demonstrate that individuals reinfected with the VOC Gamma may display relatively high RNA viral loads at the upper respiratory tract after reinfection, thus contributing to onward viral transmissions. Despite this, our study points to a low overall risk of severe Gamma reinfections, supporting that the abrupt increase in hospital admissions and deaths observed in Amazonas and other Brazilian states during the Gamma wave was mostly driven by primary infections. Our findings also indicate that most individuals analyzed developed a high anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb response after reinfection that may provide some protection against reinfection or disease by different SARS-CoV-2 variants

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data