Fresh perspectives for classic forest restoration challenges

Restoration ecology is a young scientific discipline whose limitations can compromise the recovery of ecosystem biodiversity and functions. Specifically for limitations on forest restoration, we first recommend considering measures prior to land use changes to deal with the common lack of efforts to anticipate and plan restoration. Second, we suggest using multiple references in restoration planning to avoid simplified reference characterization, and we advise assessing ecosystem recovery with indicators that better incorporate ecosystem complexity in recovery assessments. Finally, we propose initiatives to encourage scientific communication outside academia to diminish the communication gap between scientists and practitioners. © 2019 Society for Ecological RestorationA.R.U. was funded by Environmental Fellowship Programme of Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno Foundation (2016) and María de Maeztu excellence accreditation (MDM-2017-0714) from the Spanish Government; V.C.A. by REMEDINAL4 (Madrid Government, TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338); Z.R. by the LafargeHolcim, FIRE Foundation, and UAH partnership; and L.M.B. by the FPI Fellowship (BES-2015-075276) from the Spanish Government

Recuperación de las interacciones entre el haya (Fagus sylvatica) y los hongos ectomicorrícicos 140 años después del fin de la actividad minera

Even the increasing use of restoration, it does not always imply a shortterm answer in ecosystems that guarantees the recovery of their structure, functions, and services. So far, most studies evaluating ecosystem recovery have used metrics that ignore the complexity needed to structure communities of organisms that form ecosystems. Here, we analyze the recovery of species interactions (metric with a certain level of complexity) in a large time scale ('100 years). In particular, we characterized, using molecular identification, the ectomicorrhyzal (EcM) fungal communities present in 18 beech trees inside and seven outside an ancient iron in Navarra (northern Spain), in use from the XIV century until 140 years ago, as well as seven beech trees from a nearby oldgrowth forest. Species richness of EcM fungi was similar for the three locations, while differences were found for species composition in the area damaged by mining and compare to outside the mine and the reference beech forest. Our results suggest the need to assess ecosystem recovery with more complex metrics (e.g. architecture of interaction networks) in order to accurately estimate the real time required for ecosystems to fully recover. © 2019 Los Autores.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Plan Nacional de Investigación RETOS (CGL2015-70452-R) y la acreditación de excelencia “María de Maeztu” 2018-2022 (MDM-2017-0714). ARU fue financiada por el programa de becas predoctorales (2016) de la Fundación Tatiana Guzman el Bueno

Annual Behavior of Milk Production Bio economic Indicators in Dairies of Ruta InvasoraCattle Raising Enterprise, Ciego de Ávila. II. Case Study Dairy.

Previous research of ten dairies at Ruta Invasora Cattle Raising Enterprise, in Ciego de Ávila, about the annual behavior of bioeconomic indicators of milk production singled out Dairy No. 1 as the most outstanding. It was then used as a comparison model in a case study, with the remaining nine units, based on the average reproductive, productive and economic indicators for the five-year period studied. Decomposition of seasonal time series to determine birth behavior was performed, using a multiplication model, considering 10 % above or below 100 %. Dairy No. 1 had birth peaks in the April-July period, with the highest values in May, which seemed to have determined a better behavior, especially in its best year, in relation with reproductive efficiency (78 % birth rate); productive, (1 393 kg/ha); and economic (0.86 CUP/kg of milk), in comparison with the rest of the units and the means from the years studied. These results corroborate the feasibility of improving milk production efficiency when the birth peaks occur within the rainy season

Gender bias in ecosystem restoration: from science to practice

The declaration of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2020–2030 has established the need to focus on human rights in restoration initiatives, including gender equality. Although this goal raises a need to monitor gender biases on ecosystem restoration, we still lack basic gender information and evaluations on the current situation. The main purpose of this study is to analyze gender bias in ecosystem restoration covering three dimensions: research, outreach, and practice. We used scientific publications from the Restoration Ecology journal, mentions of these articles in Altmetric Explorer and Twitter, and projects from the Society for Ecological Restoration's database. First, we study gender bias among people leading ecosystem restoration initiatives in the three dimensions. Second, we assessed factors that could influence gender bias, including year, target ecosystem, and socioeconomic country development. Third, we analyzed whether the impact of scientific knowledge in society depends on the gender of the scientific team. Our results indicate that men were primary leaders in research, outreach, and practice initiatives in ecosystem restoration. There seems to be a trend over time toward equality in research, but gender inequality is still present in most types of ecosystems, with women leading more projects in more developed countries. The impact of scientific knowledge is independent of the author's gender, but research of male senior authors seems to reach society more easily. This broad perspective of inequality in the three dimensions can evolve toward gender equality, by applying gender approaches in restoration policies and initiatives. © 2022 Society for Ecological Restoration.Raw data is publicly available thanks to Web of Science, Altmetrics, Twitter and SER. Data and scripts used for the analysis are available via Figshare (Cruz‐Alonso et al. 2022 ). Funding: V.C.‐A.—Real Colegio Complutense postdoc fellowship; A.R.‐U.—Spanish State Research Agency through María de Maeztu Excellence Unit accreditation 2018–2022 (MDM‐2017‐0714); L.M.—Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEFP2_181115) and a Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship from Universidad de Alcalá; L.M.‐B.—Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019‐106806GB‐I00) and a Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship from Universidad de Alcalá; N.M.—predoctoral grant from Universidad de Alcalá; E.V.‐A.—European Commission (project SHOWCASE, H2020: 862480). We appreciate the support of the FIRE Foundation and the comments of M. Almaraz, M. Pajares, A. S. Moya, and D. Rohrer to improve the manuscript.Raw data is publicly available thanks to Web of Science, Altmetrics, Twitter and SER. Data and scripts used for the analysis are available via Figshare (Cruz‐Alonso et al. 2022 ). Funding: V.C.‐A.—Real Colegio Complutense postdoc fellowship; A.R.‐U.—Spanish State Research Agency through María de Maeztu Excellence Unit accreditation 2018–2022 (MDM‐2017‐0714); L.M.—Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEFP2_181115) and a Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship from Universidad de Alcalá; L.M.‐B.—Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019‐106806GB‐I00) and a Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship from Universidad de Alcalá; N.M.—predoctoral grant from Universidad de Alcalá; E.V.‐A.—European Commission (project SHOWCASE, H2020: 862480). We appreciate the support of the FIRE Foundation and the comments of M. Almaraz, M. Pajares, A. S. Moya, and D. Rohrer to improve the manuscript

Effect of Concentrated Calving on Commercial Dairies in Ciego de Ávila Province. II. Case Study

The bio-economic behavior of 10 commercial dairies was assessed as to forage production, and annual calving patterns. Dairy No. 3 was used as a comparison model in a case study, based on in previous studies results (2011) where it stood out from the rest, with 86 % calving pattern in the April-August period. To determine the influence of the calving pattern oriented to the rainy season, on the production and bio-economic efficiency indicators, the behavior of dairy no. 3 in 2011 was compared with its mean values for the previous years; the means of dairies grouped in pat-terns I and II, and the mean of dairies in pattern III, without the case study unit. The results indicated that dairy No. 3 reached higher gross profits than the rest, concerning productive efficiency (1 298 kg of milk/ha and 32 975 kg of milk/worker or working unit (UT)), with higher income from milk sales, income-expenses, and lower costs of milk production (0.84 CUP/kg of milk). These results are linked to a more favorable calving pattern this year

Indicadores bioeconómicos de la producción de leche en vaquerías. I. Estacionalidad.

Se evaluó el comportamiento anual de indicadores bioeconómicos en 10 vaquerías de la empresa pecuaria Ruta Invasora, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Se realizó un balance forrajero para estimar la situación de la base alimentaria en las unidades. Los datos se procesaron mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wllis para K muestras independientes. Se utilizó el procedimiento descomposición estacional de series de tiempo para las variables: nacimientos, producción en kilo-gramo por hectárea, producción por vaca, ingresos totales y gastos totales, mediante un modelo multiplicativo. La in-suficiente disponibilidad y calidad de la oferta de voluminosos, determinaron balances forrajeros negativos en las épocas del año estudiadas. Se determinó comportamiento estacional para nacimientos con mayores picos en enero, marzo a mayo y septiembre. La producción mensual de leche y kilogramo por hectárea, se comportaron de manera estacional con mayores valores desde los meses de junio a octubre, en correspondencia con los ingresos por leche e ingresos totales, al parecer por el mayor por ciento de nacimientos en cuatro meses del período lluvioso.Bio-Economic Indicators of Milk Production in Dairies. I. Seasonality.ABSTRACTThe annual behavior of bio-economic indicators in 10 dairies of the cattle enterprise Ruta Invasora, Ciego de Ávi-la, Cuba was evaluated. A forage balance was carried out to estimate the condition of the food basis in the units. The data was processed through the Kruskal-Wllis test with K independent samples. The seasonal decomposition proce-dure of times series was used for the following variables: births, production in kilogram per hectares, production per cow, total profits and expenses through a multiplication model. The inadequate availability and quality of the voluminous offer resulted in negative forage balances in the periods of the year studied. The seasonal behavior of births showed the greatest peaks in January, March-May and September. The monthly milk production and kilogram per hectare behaved in a seasonal way with greater values since the months of June to October according to the incomes due to milk, and total incomes, apparently because of hundreds of births in four months of the rainy season

Comportamiento anual de indicadores bioeconómicos de la producción de leche en vaquerías de la empresa pecuaria Ruta Invasora, Ciego de Ávila. II. Vaquería caso.

En una investigación precedente realizada en la Empresa Pecuaria Ruta Invasora, en la provincia de Ciego de Ávila, donde se evaluó elcomportamiento anual de indicadores bioeconómicos de la producción lechera en 10 vaquerías productoras de leche, se destacó la número 1. Esta se tomó como modelo de comparación para un estudio de caso. Se comparó con las nueve unidades restantes, tomando como referencia indicadores reproductivos, productivos y económicos, promedio en los cinco años estudiados. Para deter-minar el comportamiento de los nacimientos se realizó la descomposición estacional de series de tiempo, mediante un modelo multiplicativo, considerando el 10 % por encima o por debajo del 100 %. La vaquería 1 tuvo picos de nacimientos en el periodo abril-julio, con el mayor por ciento en mayo, lo que al parecer determinó un comportamiento superior, particularmente en su mejor año, en los indicadores de eficiencia reproductiva, (78 % de natalidad), productiva (1 393 kg/ha) y económica (0,86 CUP/kg de leche), respecto al resto de las unidades, considerando la media de los años en estudio. Estos resultados confirman la posi-bilidad de alcanzar en el territorio mejores resultados en la eficiencia de la producción de leche cuando los picos de nacimientos coinciden con los meses del periodo lluvioso

Perfil de los artículos publicados desde 2007 hasta 2012 de la Revista de Producción Animal

Research quality and scientific exactness of articles published by Revista de Producción Animal from 2007 up to 2012 were discussed. Assessment and evaluation were based upon criteria about type of statistical analysis, experimental design and software, level of complexity, and updating of analytical techniques. The field of investigation, the studied species, the number of authors and their background were also taken into account. Findings evidenced a marked improvement with regards to previous stages; however, higher demands on presentation registers and statistical arbitrament, as well as the need of continuous training on statistical packages and current analytical techniques management are recommended.Se analizó la calidad y rigor científico de las investigaciones publicadas en la Revista de Producción Animal en el período 2007 a 2012. Los artículos se evaluaron por el tipo de análisis estadístico, el diseño experimental y el software utilizado, el nivel de complejidad y la actualización de las técnicas analíticas. También se tuvo en cuenta el perfil del artículo, la especie estudiada, la cantidad de autores y su procedencia. Aunque fue evidente la mejoría respecto a etapas anteriores, se recomienda mayor exigencia en los registros de presentación y en el arbitraje estadístico; además, continuar con la superación de los colaboradores en el manejo de paquetes estadísticos y las técnicas analíticas más avanzadas

Efecto de patrones de concentración de parición en vaquerías comerciales de Ciego de Ávila. II. Estudio de caso.

Se evaluó el comportamiento bioeconómico de 10 vaquerías comerciales en función de su base forrajera y patrón de partos anuales. En estudios anteriores (2011) se destacó la vaquerías 3, con patrón de partos de 86 % en el período abril-agosto; por ello se tomó como modelo de comparación para un estudio de caso. Para determinar la influencia del patrón de pariciones orientado al período lluvioso, sobre los indicadores de producción y eficiencia bioeconómica, se comparó el comportamiento de la vaquería 3 en el año 2011 con la media de esta en el resto de los años, la media de las vaquerías agrupadas en los patrones I y II y la media de las vaquerías del patrón III sin la unidad estudio de caso. Los resultados indicaron que la vaquería 3 alcanzó márgenes superiores a las demás en los indicadores de eficiencia productiva de 1 298 kg de leche/ha y 32 975 kg de leche/obrero o unidad de trabajo (UT), con ingresos su-periores por ventas de leche, ingresos-gastos y menor costo de la leche producida (0,84 CUP/kg de leche). Estos re-sultados se vinculan con la utilización más eficiente de los recursos forrajeros, unido a un patrón de partos más favo-rable en ese año