The HIHI- and H2H_{2}-to-stellar mass correlations of late- and early-type galaxies and their consistency with the observational mass functions

We compile and carrefully homogenize local galaxy samples with available information on stellar, $\rm HI$ and/or $\rm H_{2}$ masses, and morphology. After processing the information on upper limits in the case of non gas detections, we determine the $\rm HI$- and $\rm H_{2}$-to-stellar mass relations and their $1\sigma$ scatter for both late- and early-type galaxies. The obtained relations are fitted to single or double power laws. Late-type galaxies are significantly gas richer than early-type ones, specially at high masses. The respective $\rm H_{2}$-to-$\rm HI$ mass ratios as a function of $M_{\ast}$ are discussed. Further, we constrain the full mass-dependent distribution functions of the $\rm HI$- and $\rm H_{2}$-to-stellar mass ratios. We find that they can be described by a Schechter function for late types and a (broken) Schechter + uniform function for early types. By using the observed galaxy stellar mass function and the volume-complete late-to-early-type galaxy ratio as a function of $M_{\ast}$, these empirical distribution functions are mapped into $\rm HI$ and $\rm H_{2}$ mass functions. The obtained mass functions are consistent with those inferred from large surveys. The empirical gas-to-stellar mass relations and their distributions for local late- and early-type galaxies presented here can be used to constrain models and simulations of galaxy evolution.Comment: 43 pages, 18 figures, to appear in RMxAA. Minor corrections introduced. The presented results are optimal for comparisons with theoretical predictions. Py-code to generate the HI- and H2-to-stellar mass relations and their 1sigma scatter, as well as the full mass-dependent distribution functions of the MHI/Ms and MH2/Ms ratios are available upon request to A.R. Calett

Winter precipitation over the Iberian peninsula and its relationship to circulation indices

International audienceWinter precipitation variability over the Iberian peninsula was investigated by obtaining the spatial and temporal patterns. Empirical Orthogonal Functions were used to describe the variance distribution and to compress the precipitation data into a few modes. The corresponding spatial patterns divide the peninsula into climatic regions according to precipitation variations. The associated time series were related to large scale circulation indices and tropical sea surface temperature anomalies by using lag cross-correlation and cross-spectrum. The major findings are: the most influential indices for winter precipitation were the North Atlantic Oscillation and the East Atlantic/West Russian pattern; coherent oscillations were detected at about eight years between precipitation and the North Atlantic Oscillation and some dynamic consequences of the circulation on precipitation over the Iberian peninsula were examined during drought and wet spells. In the end statistical methods have been proposed to downscale seasonal precipitation prediction. Keywords: Winter precipitation, circulation indices, Iberian peninsula climate, climate variations, precipitation tren

Control de calidad de datos diarios en la Península Ibérica

Ponencia presentada en: VI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Tarragona del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2008.[ES]La calidad de los datos es un requisito necesario en estudios de variabilidad climática, principalmente cuando se analizan datos de gran resolución espacial y temporal. Para analizar los extremos climáticos es preciso utilizar datos diarios, pero estas series temporales evidencian algunos errores debidos a discontinuidades y otros al azar; por ejemplo, que la precipitación sea menor que cero y que la temperatura máxima sea menor que la mínima para un día determinado. El procedimiento para corregir estos errores resulta muy complicado y hemos adoptado los métodos desarrollados en http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI /software.shtml, programados en lenguajes R (RClimDex y RHTest) y Fortran (FClimDex y FHTest). Mostraremos algunos ejemplos aplicados a datos observados “in situ” y compararemos la calidad de estos datos frente a la de los datos de reanálisis del NCEP/NCAR.[EN]Data quality has to be considered in studies about climate variability, especially when data have high spatial and temporal resolutions. The extreme climate research requires daily data which very often have errors due to discontinuities and other random causes, for example, we found some negative precipitation values, and maximum temperature lower than minimum. Therefore, we need to adjust the data to correct these errors. The methods to obtain homogeneous data are complicated. We have addressed the procedure developed in http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml, that provides software in R (RClimDex and RHTest) and Fortran (FClimDex and FHTest) languages. In this paper we present some examples about the adjustment technique applied to observed data “in situ” and we compare the quality of the observed against the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Este trabajo ha sido financiado con los proyectos de investigación MEC-CGL2005-06600-CO-01/CLI, de la Junta de Castilla y León SA039/A05, cofinanciados con fondos europeos y con el proyecto de ayudas a la investigación “Memoria D. Samuel Solórzano Barruso” de 2008

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Nucleic Acids Exhibiting Sterically Accessible Guanines Using Ruthenium-Polypyridyl Reagents

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Martínez-Calvo, M.; Guerrini, L.; Rodríguez, J.; Álvarez Puebla, R. A.; Mascareñas, J. L. (2020), Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Nucleic Acids exhibiting Sterically Accessible Guanines using Ruthenium-polypyridyl Reagents. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 11: 7218–7223, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02148. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with ACS Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsHere, we report the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy as a rapid and practical tool for assessing the formation of coordinative adducts between nucleic acid guanines and ruthenium polypyridyl reagents. The technology provides a practical approach for the wash-free and quick identification of nucleic acid structures exhibiting sterically accessible guanines. This is demonstrated for the detection of a quadruplex-forming sequence present in the promoter region of the c-myc oncogene, which exhibits a nonpaired, reactive guanine at a flanking position of the G-quartetsWe are thankful for the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022, ED431G 2019/03) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund – ERDF). We also acknowledge the support given by the Spanish Grant SAF2013-41943-R and SAF2016-76689-R, the Xunta de Galicia (Grants 2015-CP082, ED431C 2017/19,), the Spanish Ministry de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2017-88648R and RYC-2016-20331), the Generalitat de Cataluña (2017SGR883), the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (2019PFR-URV-B2-02), the Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Banco Santander (2017EXIT-08), and the European Research Council (Advanced Grant No. 340055). M.M.-C. thanks the Ministerio de Economı́a y Competitividad for the Postdoctoral fellowship (IJCI-2014-19326) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Ministerio de Universidades for the Distinguished Researcher contract “Beatriz Galindo” (BEAGAL18/00144). J.R. thanks Xunta de Galicia for her predoctoral fellowshipS

Aplicación de autómatas celulares para la descripción de extremos de la precipitación

Ponencia presentada en: IV Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología "El Clima entre el Mar y la Montaña", celebrado en Santander del 2 al 5 de noviembre de 2004.[ES]El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la utilidad de la técnica de Autómatas Celulares (CA) par describir la ocurrencia de extremos de precipitación. Las series temporales de precipitación presentan algunos grados de periodicidad o fluctuaciones debidas a variabilidad climática natural. Una vez filtradas estas componentes mediante técnicas espectrales, aplicamos el modelo propuesto de CA a la serie residual con el fin de caracterizar las rachas secas y húmedas. Este método va a simular dos estados para excesos de precipitación, el estado 0 se corresponde con precipitaciones inferiores al percentil 75, mientras que el estado 1 para las superiores al percentil 75. De forma análoga procedemos para caracterizar rachas de precipitación escasa, consideraremos estado 0 para precipitaciones superiores o igual al percentil 25 y estado 1 para precipitaciones inferiores a dicho percentil. El método lo aplicamos a datos mensuales de precipitación en Salamanca en el periodo 1949 a 2003. Los primeros resultados indican que se consigue aproximar en un 60% la ocurrencia de extremos de precipitación, lo cuál sería de gran interés por su aplicación en planificaciones agrícolas.[EN]The objective of this study is to show the utility of using Cellular Automata (CA) to describe the occurrence of the precipitation extremes. Since the precipitation time series contain some quasi-periodic fluctuations, it is required to filter these components before applying the CA model to characterize the dry and wet spells. The CA used to describe the wet spells consists of two states 0 and 1, which were established according to the threshold of 75 percentile. Similarly, to describe the dry spells we propose a CA with two states 0 and 1 for values higher and lower than 25 percentile respectively. The method is applied to monthly precipitation data of Salamanca (Spain) for the period 1949 to 2003. The first results indicate that the model can capture the occurrence of the precipitation extremes with an 60% of accuracy, therefore this characterization could be useful for agricultural planning.Este trabajo se ha realizado con la subvención del proyecto “Fundación Memoria de D. Manuel Solórzano Barruso” y del proyecto “REN2002-04584-CO-02/CLI” del MCYT