Mantenimiento del donante de órganos en muerte encefálica. Maintenance of encephalic-death organ donor

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el Hospital Universitario "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de la provincia de Pinar del Río sobre el mantenimiento del donante de órganos en muerte encefálica que abarcó el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2000 y julio del 2004 con el objetivo de conocer el estado actual de la temática y además contribuir a la preparación de aquellos profesionales que tienen la enorme responsabilidad de desarrollar el proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos tanto en nuestra provincia como en el resto del país. Se concluyó que los cuidados generales del donante deben estar orientados hacia la expansión del volumen intravascular y a la preservación de una oxigenación y perfusión tisular óptimas, siendo estos los objetivos fundamentales del mantenimiento de este tipo de paciente para preservar los órganos que futuramente se implantarán en el receptor. Palabras clave: DONADORES DE TEJIDO, MUERTE CEREBRAL. ABSTRACT A bibliographic revision was carried out at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital in Pinar del Rio province on the maintenance of organ donor with encephalic death, which encompassed the period from January 2000 to July 2004, aimed at determining the current status of the topic and further contributing to the training of those professionals who have the enormous responsibility to develop the organ donating and transplanting process both in our province and the rest of the country as a conclusion, the general assistance of the donor must be oriented towards the expansion of intravascular volume and the preservation of the best tissular oxygenation and perfusion, being these the primary objectives of the maintenance of this type of patients to preserve these organs which will further be implanted into the receptor. Key words: BRAIN DEATH, TISSUE DONORS

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care based on risk predictive algorithms and decision support systems: protocol of the e-predictD study

The predictD is an intervention implemented by general practitioners (GPs) to prevent depression, which reduced the incidence of depression-anxiety and was cost-effective. The e-predictD study aims to design, develop, and evaluate an evolved predictD intervention to prevent the onset of major depression in primary care based on Information and Communication Technologies, predictive risk algorithms, decision support systems (DSSs), and personalized prevention plans (PPPs). A multicenter cluster randomized trial with GPs randomly assigned to the e-predictD intervention + care-as-usual (CAU) group or the active-control + CAU group and 1-year follow-up is being conducted. The required sample size is 720 non-depressed patients (aged 18–55 years), with moderate-to-high depression risk, under the care of 72 GPs in six Spanish cities. The GPs assigned to the e-predictD-intervention group receive brief training, and those assigned to the control group do not. Recruited patients of the GPs allocated to the e-predictD group download the e-predictD app, which incorporates validated risk algorithms to predict depression, monitoring systems, and DSSs. Integrating all inputs, the DSS automatically proposes to the patients a PPP for depression based on eight intervention modules: physical exercise, social relationships, improving sleep, problem-solving, communication skills, decision-making, assertiveness, and working with thoughts. This PPP is discussed in a 15-min semi-structured GP-patient interview. Patients then choose one or more of the intervention modules proposed by the DSS to be self-implemented over the next 3 months. This process will be reformulated at 3, 6, and 9 months but without the GP–patient interview. Recruited patients of the GPs allocated to the control-group+CAU download another version of the e-predictD app, but the only intervention that they receive via the app is weekly brief psychoeducational messages (active-control group). The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of major depression measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 6 and 12 months. Other outcomes include depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), depression risk (predictD risk algorithm), mental and physical quality of life (SF-12), and acceptability and satisfaction (‘e-Health Impact' questionnaire) with the intervention. Patients are evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. An economic evaluation will also be performed (cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis) from two perspectives, societal and health systems.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03990792

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care based on risk predictive algorithms and decision support systems: protocol of the e-predictD study

The predictD is an intervention implemented by general practitioners (GPs) to prevent depression, which reduced the incidence of depression-anxiety and was cost-effective. The e-predictD study aims to design, develop, and evaluate an evolved predictD intervention to prevent the onset of major depression in primary care based on Information and Communication Technologies, predictive risk algorithms, decision support systems (DSSs), and personalized prevention plans (PPPs). A multicenter cluster randomized trial with GPs randomly assigned to the e-predictD intervention + care-as-usual (CAU) group or the active-control + CAU group and 1-year follow-up is being conducted. The required sample size is 720 non-depressed patients (aged 18–55 years), with moderate-to-high depression risk, under the care of 72 GPs in six Spanish cities. The GPs assigned to the e-predictD-intervention group receive brief training, and those assigned to the control group do not. Recruited patients of the GPs allocated to the e-predictD group download the e-predictD app, which incorporates validated risk algorithms to predict depression, monitoring systems, and DSSs. Integrating all inputs, the DSS automatically proposes to the patients a PPP for depression based on eight intervention modules: physical exercise, social relationships, improving sleep, problem-solving, communication skills, decision-making, assertiveness, and working with thoughts. This PPP is discussed in a 15-min semi-structured GP-patient interview. Patients then choose one or more of the intervention modules proposed by the DSS to be self-implemented over the next 3 months. This process will be reformulated at 3, 6, and 9 months but without the GP–patient interview. Recruited patients of the GPs allocated to the control-group+CAU download another version of the e-predictD app, but the only intervention that they receive via the app is weekly brief psychoeducational messages (active-control group). The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of major depression measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 6 and 12 months. Other outcomes include depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), depression risk (predictD risk algorithm), mental and physical quality of life (SF-12), and acceptability and satisfaction (‘e-Health Impact' questionnaire) with the intervention. Patients are evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. An economic evaluation will also be performed (cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis) from two perspectives, societal and health systems.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03990792

Effectiveness of a universal personalized intervention for the prevention of anxiety disorders: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial (the prevANS project)

Background: To date, all preventive anxiety disorders interventions are one-fit-all and none of them are based on individual level and risk profile. The aim of this project is to design, develop and evaluate an online personalized intervention based on a risk algorithm for the universal prevention of anxiety disorders in the general population. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms (prevANS vs usual care) and 1-year follow- up including 2000 participants without anxiety disorders from Spain and Portugal will be conducted. The prevANS intervention will be self-guided and can be implemented from the prevANS web or from the participants' Smartphone (through an App). The prevANS intervention will have different intensities depending on the risk level of the population, evaluated from the risk algorithm for anxiety: predictA. Both low and moderate-high risk participants will receive information on their level and profile (risk factors) of anxiety disorders, will have access to stress management tools and psychoeducational information periodically. In addition, participants with a moderate-high risk of anxiety disorders will also have access to cognitive-behavioral training (problem-solving, decision-making, communication skills, and working with thoughts). The control group will not receive any intervention, but they will fill out the same questionnaires as the intervention group. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes include depressive and anxiety symptoms, risk probability of anxiety disorders (predictA algorithm) and depression (predictD algorithm), improvement in physical and mental quality of life, and acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. In addition, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will also be carried out from two perspectives, societal and health system, and analyses of mediators and moderators will also be performedSpanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III, co-funded by the European Social Fund “Investing in your future” (grant references: CP19/00056), and the Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion Research Network ‘RICAPPS’ (RD21/0016/0012); and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the State Investigation Agency (PID2020-119652RA-l00). These funding sources had no role in the design of this study and will not have any role during its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit resultsS

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial

Abstract Background: Depression is viewed as a major and increasing public health issue, as it causes high distress in the people experiencing it and considerable financial costs to society. Efforts are being made to reduce this burden by preventing depression. A critical component of this strategy is the ability to assess the individual level and profile of risk for the development of major depression. This paper presents the cost-effectiveness of a personalized intervention based on the risk of developing depression carried out in primary care, compared with usual care. Methods: Cost-effectiveness analyses are nested within a multicentre, clustered, randomized controlled trial of a personalized intervention to prevent depression. The study was carried out in 70 primary care centres from seven cities in Spain. Two general practitioners (GPs) were randomly sampled from those prepared to participate in each centre (i.e. 140 GPs), and 3326 participants consented and were eligible to participate. The intervention included the GP communicating to the patient his/her individual risk for depression and personal risk factors and the construction by both GPs and patients of a psychosocial programme tailored to prevent depression. In addition, GPs carried out measures to activate and empower the patients, who also received a leaflet about preventing depression. GPs were trained in a 10- to 15-h workshop. Costs were measured from a societal and National Health care perspective. Qualityadjustedlife years were assessed using the EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire. The time horizon was 18 months.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ’A way to build Europe’(grant references PS09/02272, PS09/02147, PS09/01095, PS09/00849 and PS09/00461); the Andalusian Council of Health (grant reference PI-0569-2010); the Spanish Network of Primary Care Research ’redIAPP’ (RD06/0018, RD12/0005/0001); the ’Aragón group’ (RD06/0018/0020, RD12/0005/0006); the ’Bizkaya group’ (RD06/0018/0018, RD12/0005/0010); the Castilla-León Group (RD06/0018/0027); the Mental Health (SJD) Barcelona Group (RD06/0018/0017, RD12/0005/0008); and the Mental-Health, Services and Primary Care (SAMSERAP) MálagaGroup (RD06/0018/0039, RD12/0005/0005)

El cliente en psicoterapia: contribución al resultado terapéutico

En este trabajo se revisan las evidencias empíricas que apuntan a que los clientes son los principales responsables de los resultados de los tratamientos. Para ello se presentan dos tipos de datos: a) los que demuestran que las personas se enfrentan exitosamente a los problemas sin ayuda: estudios sobre la resiliencia, la recuperación espontánea, la auto-ayuda o el efecto placebo; y b) los que avalan que los usuarios de una psicoterapia son agentes activos durante todo el proceso terapéutico. Finalmente se hacen sugerencias sobre cómo adaptar las prácticas terapéuticas a esta nueva visión de los clientes

Development of the therapeutic language coding system (SICOLENTE): Reliability and construct validity.

Since the use of language is a core aspect of psychotherapy, its study requires instruments that allow for further research. The aim of this study is to present an observational instrument capable of analyzing the language used in psychotherapeutic settings, both by therapists and clients. The SICOLENTE instrument was applied to two different samples: The Three Approaches to Psychotherapy film and a naturalistic sample. 7710 utterances from 31 sessions (three from the demonstration film and 28 from a naturalistic setting) were coded. Two studies were conducted: in the first study, inter and intra coder reliability (dimension and category levels) and Generalizability theory analyzes were assessed, whilst in the second study, construct validity was tested with several hypotheses. The final instrument resulted in 20 categories with three dimensions: Conversational Act (7 categories), Therapeutic topic (6 categories) and Content (7 categories). The three dimensions showed excellent inter and intra coder reliability and the generalizability coefficients were excellent. Out of the 24 validity hypothesis proposed,19 were accepted. The finding suggests that the SICOLENTE is a reliable and valid instrument that can be applied to investigate the performance of various theoretical models. Its three dimensional structure gives it the flexibility to be able to carry out macroscopic or microscopic language research

Pie Negro o Necrosis del cuello (Phoma lingam [Tode : Fr] Desmaz.) en cultivos de colza canola en la Argentina

The objetive of this paper was to identify the etiology of a rapeseed disease detected in a spring crop located in experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomie and Bragado in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This disease appeared at the fructifing stage G1-G2 and was characterized by the presence of a necrotic area in the basal internode associated with irregular shaped cancker. Plants showed premature wilting and the pods did not have seeds. Globose and ostiolated picnides developed on desintegrated tissues. Tests of pathogenicity on three cultivars and one hybrid indicated the disease was Blackleg of rapeseed and the causal agent was identified as Phoma lingam (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz. This is the first report in Argentina about this pathogen in rapeseed's crop. The symptomatology associated was described.Este trabajo tiene por objeto identificar la etiología de una enfermedad detectada en un cultivos de colza canola de primavera, llevados a cabo en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y en la localidad de Bragado, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La misma se presentó en la etapa de fructificación (G1-G2) y se caracterizó por la presencia de una necrosis de la región basal de los tallos asociada a un cancro de bordes irregulares y tamaño variable. Las plantas evidenciaron un desecamiento prematuro y las silicuas no presentaron semillas.Se dtectaron también síntomas en hojas.Sobre los tejidos desintegrados se observaron, bajo lupa, picnidios globosos ostiolados. Los análisis de laboratorio y las pruebas de patogenicidad, efectuadas sobre plántulas de tres variedades y un híbrido, indicaron que se trataba de la enfermedad conocida como Pie Negro o Necrosis del cuello de la colza causada por el anamorfo (Phoma lingam (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz.). Se reporta por primera vez, en Argentina, la presencia de este patógeno fúngico en ejemplares de canola, en condiciones de campo y se describe la sintomatología observada