2,621 research outputs found

    Experimental investigation of the aerodynamic flow in the aircraft carrier ski-jump by means of PIV

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    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods have opened a new field to perform aerodynamic studies saving money and time. The difficulties presented by this method to calculate complex flow field problems imply that CFD validation is needed to provide correct results. Experimental data have recently been used to validate the accuracy of CFD predictions. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has shown to be a powerful tool in the investigation of complex flows. The aim of this paper is to present results from PIV experiments that would be interesting for CFD validation. Regarding aircraft operations, the short runway available implies the necessity of equipment which helps to take-off performances. Ski-jump ramp system improves aircraft performances by an increment of lift resulting in successful take-off operations. The ski-jump ramp presence generates a complex flow bounded by a turbulent shear layer and a low velocity recirculation bubble over the end of the flight deck. The adverse effects on the aircraft aerodynamics affect to pilot safe operations, so this region is an interesting problem to be studied by means of wind tunnel experimental tests

    Adsorptive Behavior of an Activated Carbon for Bisphenol A Removal in Single and Binary (Bisphenol A—Heavy Metal) Solutions

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    Authors thank M.I. Bautista-Toledo for the activated carbon donation.Bisphenol A (BPA) is an extensively produced and consumed chemical in the world. Due to its widespread use, contamination by this pollutant has increased in recent years, reaching a critical environmental point. This work investigates the feasibility of bisphenol A adsorption from industrial wastewater solutions, testing the reduction of bisphenol A in synthetic solutions by a commercial activated carbon, AC-40, in batch mode. Besides, mixtures of bisphenol A and different heavy metal cations were also studied. So far, no works have reported a complete study about bisphenol A removal by this activated carbon including the use of this material to remove BPA in the presence of metal cations. First, adsorption experiments were performed in batch changing pH, dose of adsorbent, initial bisphenol A concentration and contact time. Results showed greater retention of bisphenol A by increasing the acidity of the medium. Further, the percentage of bisphenol A adsorbed increased with increasing contact time. The selected conditions for the rest of the experiments were pH 5 and a contact time of 48 h. In addition, an increase in retention of bisphenol A when the dose of adsorbent increased was observed. Then, specific experiments were carried out to define the kinetics and the adsorption isotherm. Equilibrium data were adequately fitted to a Langmuir isotherm and the kinetics data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity provided by Langmuir model was 94.34 mg/g. Finally, the effect of the presence of other heavy metals in water solution on the adsorption of bisphenol A was analyzed. Binary tests revealed competition between the adsorbates and a significant selectivity toward bisphenol A. Finally, the study of the adsorption performance in three consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles showed efficiencies higher than 90% in all cycles, indicating that the activated carbon has good reusability

    Efecto del empleo de composts contaminados con metales pesados en la producción de hortalizas.

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    El movimiento de la Agricultura Urbana, ha possibilitado la producción de alimentos con bajos insumos de forma exitosa en las ciudades. Dentro del mismo, sobresalen los organopónicos, dirigidos fundamentalmente a la producción de hortalizas de hojas y especies condimentosas en sustratos orgánicos, lo que ha incrementado la demanda de fuentes orgánicas con este fin

    Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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    Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a Δη|\Delta \eta| gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of v2{4}v_{2}\{4\} to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find v2{4}v2{6}0v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0 which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the v2v_{2} distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a Δη>1.4|\Delta\eta| > 1.4 gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

    Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

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    Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 <pT,assoc<pT,trig< < p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} < 5.0 GeV/cc is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range η<0.9|\eta|<0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
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