Estudio comparativo entre los métodos de hidrólisis ácida y encimática de banano (Musa Cavendish) para la obtencion de jarabe de glucosa

The following research shows that in order to obtain glucose syrup thorough the starch of banana Musa cavendish, is necessary to use fruits at a stage 2 of ripening (more green than yellow) and 1.2 Brix. This research evaluated the acid hydrolysis process in terms of yield and clearness in the final product; therefore it was necessary to study the influence of temperature and time in the rate of hydrolysis. The sample experimental plan was 2x3 with three replications each. The highest yield obtained thorough the acid process was 53.14%, it was necessary to use a temperature of 120°C and 30min of hydrolysis, which is lower than the yield obtained in the enzyme process.El presente trabajo demostró que, para elaborar jarabe de glucosa a partir de almidón de banano Musa cavendish se requiere utilizar banano en estado verde con un grado Brix máximo de 1.2. El proceso de hidrólisis ácida se evaluó haciendo un estudio del efecto de la temperatura y tiempo sobre el rendimiento del proceso así como de la cristalinidad del jarabe de glucosa. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), con arreglo factorial 2x3. Obteniéndose el mayor rendimiento (53.14%) al utilizar una temperatura de 120° C y 30min de hidrólisis. Este valor fue mucho menor que el obtenido a través de hidrólisis enzimática (90.14%). Respecto a la cristalinidad del jarabe de glucosa, se observó que los tratamientos más cristalinos fueron aquellos en los que se empleó menor tiempo y temperatura en el proceso de hidrólisis. La cristalinidad que se obtuvo con el método ácido fue mayor, que la que se obtuvo por medio del tratamiento enzimático

Comunicación asertiva entre docentes y estudiantes en la institución educativa

En este trabajo de investigación se pretende establecer el estado del conocimiento alcanzado en los procesos de comunicación entre docentes y estudiantes haciendo énfasis en la comunicación asertiva. Para ello se recurrirá a realizar un análisis crítico de los aspectos antes mencionados a través del estado del arte y reconocer los diferentes aportes de investigadores en este campo. En un primer momento, se pretende hacer una aproximación a categorías tan importantes como lo son la comunicación y la educación; entendiendo esta última como la principal mediadora de la significación. Seguidamente abordar la comunicación asertiva entendida como la habilidad para recibir y transmitir mensajes, sentimientos, propios o ajenos de una manera respetuosa y oportuna permite lograr una comunicación que favorezca las relaciones interpersonales entre docentes-estudiantes; a través de asumir una actitud crítica frente al proceso comunicativo

Comunicación asertiva entre docentes y estudiantes en la institución educativa

En este trabajo de investigación se pretende establecer el estado del conocimiento alcanzado en los procesos de comunicación entre docentes y estudiantes haciendo énfasis en la comunicación asertiva. Para ello se recurrirá a realizar un análisis crítico de los aspectos antes mencionados a través del estado del arte y reconocer los diferentes aportes de investigadores en este campo. En un primer momento, se pretende hacer una aproximación a categorías tan importantes como lo son la comunicación y la educación; entendiendo esta última como la principal mediadora de la significación. Seguidamente abordar la comunicación asertiva entendida como la habilidad para recibir y transmitir mensajes, sentimientos, propios o ajenos de una manera respetuosa y oportuna permite lograr una comunicación que favorezca las relaciones interpersonales entre docentes-estudiantes; a través de asumir una actitud crítica frente al proceso comunicativo

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31â127 anaesthetic procedures in 30â874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0â5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9â3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7â2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7â7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10â000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86â0·90; p<0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40â1·82; p<0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981â0·997; p<0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97â0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. Funding European Society of Anaesthesiology

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia