Correction to: Body size and genetic variation in the White-tipped Plantcutter (Phytotoma rutila: Cotingidae) suggest ecological divergence across the Chaco-Andes dry forest belt

In the original publication of the article, there is a typo at the base text of Table 3 which is mentioned as “** robust result when critical c/h2 < 2 [following Brommer (2011)]”. However, the correct text should be “** robust result when critical c/h2 < 0.2 [following Brommer (2011)]”. The original article has been corrected.Fil: Rodríguez Cajarville, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Pablo Luciano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Tubaro, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Cabanne, Gustavo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Unusual Avian Vocal Mechanism Facilitates Encoding of Body Size

In this work we study the sound production mechanism of the raspy sounding song of the white-tipped plantcutter (Phytotoma rutila), a species with a most unusual vocalization. The biomechanics involved in the production of this song, and scaling arguments, allowed us to predict the precise way in which body size is encoded in its vocalizations. We tested this prediction through acoustic analysis of recorded songs, computational modeling of its unusual vocal strategy, and inspection of museum specimens captured across southeastern and south-central South America.Fil: Uribarri, Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Cajarville, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Tubaro, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Goller, Franz. University Of Utah. Department Of Biology; Estados UnidosFil: Mindlin, Bernardo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentin

First documented records of Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Tyrannidae), in Uruguay

The first documented records of Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus (Aves: Tyrannidae), for Uruguay are reported. The species was recorded 4 times between 1993 and 2016 in southeastern Uruguay. Due to the few records of isolated individuals we propose that the species is a vagrant in Uruguay

Relationship between ruminal degradability and chemical composition of dehydrated lucerne

The rumen degradation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of 21 samples of dehydrated lucerne from 5 different processing plants were studied in three rumen fistulated wethers using the nylon bag technique. The animals were fed at an intake level of 40 g DM$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ BW0.75 with a mixed diet of lucerne (40% dehydrated and 60% hay) and concentrate (2:1 on DM). The mean values of the ED of DM and CP, calculated for rumen outflow rates determined in each animal (2.28%$\cdot$h$^{-1}$, as average), presented a low variation (mean = 61.2%; CV = 5.31% for DM and mean = 73.5%; CV = 4.95% for CP). Degradation of DM was directly related to lucerne quality, with negative and positive correlations with the contents of fibre and CP, respectively. The best prediction of the ED of DM was derived from the contents of acid detergent fibre, which explained 73.3% of the total variation. The best prediction of the ED of CP (R$^2$ = 0.592) was related negatively to the proportion of insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent fibre and positively to the CP concentration as the first and second predictive variables. However, the first variable allowed a good estimation of the ED of CP for the dehydrated lucerne samples presented in a long form (R$^2$ = 0.818). Degradation studies of DM and CP also indicated that most of the N available to animals was derived from rumen microbial synthesis.Relations entre la dégradabilité ruminale et la composition chimique de la luzerne déshydratée. Les caractéristiques de dégradation et la dégradabilité théorique (DT) dans le rumen de la matière sèche (MS) et des matières azotées totales (MAT) de 21 échantillons de luzerne déshydratée ont été mesurées par la technique des sachets de nylon sur trois moutons munis d'une canule du rumen. Les animaux ont été nourris avec une ration composée de luzerne (40 % déshydratée et 60 % foin) et d'aliment concentré dans des proportions 2:1 (sur MS) à un niveau de 40 g MS$\cdot$kg$^{-1}$ P$^{0,75}$. Les valeurs de DT, calculées avec les taux de sortie des particules du rumen mesurés pour chaque animal (moyenne = 2,28 %$\cdot$h$^{-1}$), ont été peu variables tant pour la MS (moyenne = 61,2 % ; CV = 5,31 %) que pour les MAT (moyenne = 73,5 % ; CV = 4,95 %). La DT de la MS a été directement liée à la qualité de la luzerne, avec des corrélations négatives et positives pour les teneurs en fibre et MAT, respectivement. La meilleure prédiction de la DT de la MS a été obtenue avec la teneur en lignocellulose (ADF), qui explique 73,3 % de la variation totale. Pour les MAT, la meilleure prédiction de la DT (R$^2$ = 0,592) a été négativement corrélée à la proportion d'azote insoluble dans la solution au détergent neutre et positivement à la teneur en MAT, respectivement première et seconde variables indépendantes. La première variable a permis une prédiction convenable de la DT des MAT pour la luzerne déshydratée présentée sous forme de brins longs (R$^2$ = 0.818). Les études de dégradation de la MS et des MAT ont aussi montré que la plus grande partie de l'azote disponible pour l'animal est fournie par la synthèse microbienne dans le rumen

Body size and genetic variation in the White-tipped Plantcutter (Phytotoma rutila: Cotingidae) suggest ecological divergence across the Chaco–Andes dry forest belt

Dry forests characterize many of the biomes of southern South America and the Andes, such as the Chaco and the inter-Andean valley forests, which form a continuous belt (Chaco–Andes dry forest belt). Some of the taxa that inhabit this forest belt present genetic and phenotypic differentiation between edges of the region, which suggests the action of divergent evolutionary processes between forests (i.e., parapatric divergence). In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the morphological and phylogeographic variation of the White-tipped Plantcutter Phytotoma rutila (Cotingidae) and evaluated predictions of genetic and morphological evolutionary processes (e.g., local adaptation). The results supported that the environmental gradient along the Chaco–Andes dry forests might be promoting diversification because we found that body size of the White-tipped Plantcutter varied according to a step cline related to altitude, and thus parapatric processes might be responsible for this pattern. There are other taxa co-distributed across the study region presenting similar patterns of geographic variation, which suggests the action of concerted evolutionary phenomena in the Chaco–Andes dry forest.Fil: Rodríguez Cajarville, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Pablo Luciano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Tubaro, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Cabanne, Gustavo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Genomic and phenotypic divergence-with-gene-flow across an ecological and elevational gradient in a neotropical bird

Aim: Some species have populations that vary in ecologically relevant traits along environmental gradients, which is a pattern often generated by secondary contact post divergence in allopatry. However, an alternative explanation for such a pattern would be primary contact, where populations diverge in the presence of gene flow through the action of strong natural selection. We aimed to test the divergence-with-gene-flow model across an environmental gradient in a Chaco-Andes dry forest bird. Location: Central Andes Mountain range and Chaco region of Argentina and Bolivia. Taxon: Phytotoma rutila (Aves, Cotingidae). Methods: We generated ddRADseq loci for 23 individuals and obtained body size variation data for 146 museum specimens. We evaluated population genetic structure and tested the effects of elevation and isolation by geographic distance on genomic divergence. To distinguish divergence in allopatry from divergence-with-gene-flow, we compared the divergence of phenotypic traits (bill, tarsus and wing) with neutral genomic variation (S-test and PST–FST comparisons), conducted coalescent analyses to estimate gene flow and divergence time, and calculated relative (FST) versus absolute (DXY) genomic divergence. Results: We found (a) P. rutila differs genomically and phenotypically following the highland-lowland axis of the study region, with altitudinal variation explaining genomic variation; (b) larger phenotypic than neutral genomic divergence; (c) asymmetric gene flow between Andean and Chacoan populations; and (d) a pattern of relative and absolute genomic differentiation compatible with divergence-with-gene-flow. Main conclusions: The mechanism behind the morphological and genomic diversification along the Chaco-Andes dry forest belt in P. rutila is divergence-with-gene-flow. Diversification in South America implicates gene flow between populations and natural selection following environmental gradients, as well as vicariance. This complex combination contrasts with the traditional idea that speciation in birds occurred primarily in allopatry.Fil: Rodríguez Cajarville, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Alves Lima Rezende, Cássia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Carboni, Martín Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Tubaro, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Cabanne, Gustavo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Concerted variation in melanogenesis genes underlies emergent patterning of plumage in capuchino seedeaters

Coloration traits are central to animal communication; they often govern mate choice, promote reproductive isolation and catalyse speciation. Specific genetic changes can cause variation in coloration, yet far less is known about how overall coloration patterns - which involve combinations of multiple colour patches across the body - can arise and are genomically controlled. We performed genome-wide association analyses to link genomic changes to variation in melanin (eumelanin and pheomelanin) concentration in feathers from different body parts in the capuchino seedeaters, an avian radiation with diverse colour patterns despite remarkably low genetic differentiation across species. Cross-species colour variation in each plumage patch is associated with unique combinations of variants at a few genomic regions, which include mostly non-coding (presumably regulatory) areas close to known pigmentation genes. Genotype-phenotype associations can vary depending on patch colour and are stronger for eumelanin pigmentation, suggesting eumelanin production is tightly regulated. Although some genes are involved in colour variation in multiple patches, in some cases, the SNPs associated with colour changes in different patches segregate spatially. These results suggest that coloration patterning in capuchinos is generated by the modular combination of variants that regulate multiple melanogenesis genes, a mechanism that may have promoted this rapid radiation.Fil: Estalles, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Turbek, Sheela P.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados UnidosFil: Rodríguez Cajarville, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Silveira, Luís Fábio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Wakamatsu, Kazumasa. Fujita Health University; JapónFil: Ito, Shosuke. Fujita Health University; JapónFil: Lovette, Irby J.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Tubaro, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Lijtmaer, Dario Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados Unido

Evolution between forest macrorefugia is linked to discordance between genetic and morphological variation in Neotropical passerines

The central Andean rainforests and the Atlantic Forest are two similar biomes that are fully isolated by xerophytic and open-vegetation regions (the Chaco and Cerrado, respectively). Even though there is evidence suggesting that these rainforests have been connected in the past, their dynamics of connection, the geographic areas that bridged these regions, and the biological processes that have promoted diversification between them remain to be studied. In this research, we used three passerine species (Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps, Phylloscartes ventralis and Cacicus chrysopterus) as models to address whether the Andean and the Atlantic forests have acted as a refugia system (macrorefugia), and to evaluate biogeographic hypotheses of diversification and connection between them. In order to achieve these goals, we performed traditional phylogeographic analyses and compared alternative biogeographic scenarios by using Approximate Bayesian Computation. Additionally, we performed morphological analyses to evaluate phenotypic divergence between these regions. Our findings support that both rainforest regions acted as refugia, but that the impact of their isolation was stronger on the genetic than on the morphologic characters. Our results provided evidence that both geographic isolation as well as ecological factors have modeled the external traits of forest organisms in the region. Regarding the connection routes between the Andes and the Atlantic Forest, the genetic data rejected the hypothesis of a Chaco connection in the tested species, providing evidence for a connection through the Cerrado or through the transition between the Cerrado and Chaco, in a process that could have started as early as the Late Miocene.Fil: Trujillo Arias, Natalia. Universidad Industrial Santander; Colombia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Cajarville, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Sari, Eloisa. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Miyaki, Cristina Yumi. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Santos, Fabricio R.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Witt, Christopher C.. University of New Mexico; Estados UnidosFil: Barreira, Ana Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Isabel. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; BoliviaFil: Naoki, Kazuya. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; BoliviaFil: Tubaro, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Cabanne, Gustavo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

El derecho público en Iberoamérica. Libro homenaje al profesor Jaime Vidal Perdomo. Tomos I y II

La obra que se entrega hoy es un gran ejemplo de la riqueza académica con la que todos cuentan en Iberoamérica, motor de una nueva integración, que mueve y motiva por encima de intereses políticos y partidarios. Para una mejor lectura de las evoluciones y las expectativas en derecho público en Iberoamérica, así como del balance del derecho administrativo colombiano, en sus primeros cien años de justicia contencioso-administrativa, en este orden de ideas se ha dividido la publicación en dos tomos. El primero de ellos se divide en tres partes: derecho constitucional, teoría general del derecho administrativo, y acto y procedimiento administrativo. El segundo tomo viene distribuido en cinco partes: la primera parte se ha denominado contratos administrativos, la segunda parte régimen local, la tercera parte, denominada bienes del Estado, la cuarta parte, contencioso-administrativo y la última parte, se ha descrito como temas varios. En ella se encuentran reflexiones sobre la evolución de la teoría del daño especial en Colombia. Con lo anterior, se espera haber cumplido con un buen balance bicentenario del derecho público en Iberoamérica y del derecho administrativo colombiano en estos cien primeros años de justicia contencioso-administrativa, en homenaje al maestro Jaime Vidal Perdomo, eximio jurista colombiano consagrado al estudio y análisis del derecho público y exponente calificado y reconocido de la academia en Colombia y en los países iberoamericanos