EVALUACIÓN DE UNA TÉCNICA INMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE NEOPLASIAS MAMARIAS MIXTAS EN CANINOS

The aim of the study was to evaluate an immunohistochemical technique for the diagnosis of canine mixed mammary tumors (CMMT) using anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies that are routinely used in the diagnosis of human mammary tumors. Twenty paraffin tissue blocks of canine mixed mammary tumors, previously diagnosed by hematoxilin-eosin (HE) histopathology were used. Three slides sets, 4 μm thick, were obtained per viability of the tissue, and the other two were used for the immunohistochemistry through the Streptavidin-Biotin-labeled method. Epithelial cells positively reacted against the anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 showing a brown colour at the cytoplasma level. Fibroblasts, connective tissue, myoepithelial cells, cartilage cells and bone areas showed a brown colour against the anti-vimentin antibody. All benign tumors reacted positively to both antibodies, whereas 73% malign tumors were positive with the anti-cytokeratin antibody. It is concluded that mixed mammary neoplasm in dogs may be diagnosed by the technique of immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies used in the detection of human mammary tumors. block. One was stained with HE to confirm theEl objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar una técnica inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) para el diagnóstico de neoplasias mamarias mixtas (NMM) en caninos, usando anticuerpos monoclonales anti-citoqueratina AE1/AE3 y anti-vimentina, que son empleados en el diagnóstico de neoplasias mamarias en humanos. Se tomaron 20 muestras de tejidos parafinados de neoplasias caninas diagnosticadas histológicamente por hematoxilina y eosina (HE) como NMM. Cada muestra fue cortada a 4 μm de espesor, obteniéndose tres láminas por muestra. Una fue coloreada con HE para confirmar la viabilidad del tejido y en las otras dos láminas se realizó la IHQ mediante el método de Streptavidina-Biotina. Las células epiteliales reaccionaron de manera positiva con el anticuerpo anti-citoqueratina AE1/AE3 dando una coloración marrón a nivel citoplasmático. El anticuerpo anti-vimentina reaccionó de manera positiva con los fibroblastos, el tejido conectivo, las células mioepiteliales y las células cartilaginosas, dando una coloración semejante al anterior. Todas las neoplasias benignas reaccionaron contra ambos anticuerpos, mientras que el 73% de las neoplasias malignas reaccionaron de manera positiva contra el anticuerpo anti-citoqueratina. Se concluye que las NMM en caninos pueden ser diagnosticadas mediante la técnica de IHQ usando los anticuerpos monoclonales empleados en humanos

Violência contra a mulher na rede de atenção básica: o que os enfermeiros sabem sobre o problema? Violence against women in the basic care network: what do nurses know about the problem?

OBJETIVOS: descrever o conhecimento dos enfermeiros das Unidades Distritais Básicas de Saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, acerca da violência contra a mulher, particularmente aquela cometida pelo parceiro íntimo. MÉTODOS: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo. Participaram 51 enfermeiros, extraídos de um estudo maior com 221 profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário que investigava o conhecimento em relação à violência cometida contra as mulheres. RESULTADOS: os enfermeiros acertaram de 76% a 90,2% das questões sobre definição de violência de gênero e 78% obtiveram altos escores em questões sobre epidemiologia da violência; no entanto, 70,6% demonstraram desconhecer sua epidemiologia nos serviços de pré-natal. 83,7% dos enfermeiros demonstraram bom conhecimento sobre como abordar as vítimas para obter a revelação da violência ocorrida e 52% demonstraram conhecimento elevado sobre o manejo dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: os enfermeiros conhecem bem a definição de violência, têm conhecimentos sobre o manejo de casos, a necessidade de notificação e encaminhamentos de casos em situação de risco. Entretanto, desconhecem características epidemiológicas importantes da violência contra a mulher, o que pode ser uma barreira para a atuação dos enfermeiros no atendimento a mulheres em situação de risco, principalmente durante a atenção no pré-natal.<br>OBJECTIVES: to outline what nurses from the District Basic Care Units of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, in the Brazilian State of São Paulo, know about violence against women, especially that perpetrated by an intimate partner. METHODS: a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out with 51 nurses drawn from a larger study of 221 health workers. The data were collected using a questionnaire that asked about their knowledge regarding violence against women. RESULTS: the nurses correctly answered 76% to 90.2% of the questions on the definition of gender violence and 78% obtained high scores on questions relating to the epidemiology of violence. However, 70.6% showed no knowledge of the epidemiology of violence in prenatal services. 83.7% of the nurses showed good knowledge of how to deal with victims to get them to report the abuse and 52% showed a good knowledge of case management. CONCLUSIONS: nurses are well aware of what violence is and have knowledge about how to manage cases and the need to report abuse and refer women who are at risk. However, they are unaware of important epidemiological features of violence against women, which may pose an obstacle to their ability to attend women at risk, especially during prenatal care

Procesos y metodologías participativas : reflexiones y experiencias para la transformación social

Las metodologías participativas de investigación y acción social - IAP con su fuerte propuesta epistemológica de investigar para la acción, y para y con sus actores sociales protagonistas- suman en este libro, en tiempos de su expansión, otro grano de arena con esta iniciativa. La obra refleja bien esa multiplicación y proliferación de su utilización, y a la vez pone sobre la mesa una vez más, también amenazas, límites y contradicciones de lo que se intenta hacer desde lo participativo. Los lectores podrán sondear el grado de los desfases, las continuidades y discontinuidades, las dicciones y contradicciones, los valores y ambivalencias, las emergencias de explicaciones que como obra heterogénea respecto a sus autores, localización de experiencias y procedencias, posicionamientos, y uso de las metodologías y técnicas participativas, el libro encierra en diálogo y disputa

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data