ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO ENTRE LOS INCENDIOS FORESTALES EN MONTE ALEGRE, BRASIL Y PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA

Los incendios forestales son hoy día un problema global. No obstante, en todos los casos, surgen y se desarrollan mostrando determinadas regularidades impuestas en lo fundamental por las condiciones meteorológicas, el combustible, las causas de su origen y la topografía. Comprender estas regularidades ayuda a entender el fenómeno para planificar su manejo. En este trabajo se hace un análisis comparativo del comportamiento histórico de los incendios forestales ocurridos de 1998 al 2001 en el Distrito Forestal de Monte Alegre, Estado de Paraná, sur de Brasil y en las Empresas Forestales de la Provincia de Pinar del Río, Cuba. Se ha considerado la distribución temporal - años, meses, horas, días de la semana - y espacial - grupos de especies, clases de bosque - de los incendios. También se analizaron las causas y algunos indicadores que muestran la eficiencia del servicio de protección. Se han obtenido resultados similares en ambos lugares, excepto para la época de incendios. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AMONG THE FOREST FIRES IN MONTE ALEGRE, BRASIL Y PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Abstract Nowadays the forest fires are a global problem. Nevertheless, in all cases, they arise and they are developed showing certain regularities imposed in the fundamental thing by the meteorological conditions, the fuel, the causes of their origin and the topography. To understand these regularities help to get the phenomenon to planning their management. In this work a comparative analysis of the fire history is made since 1998 to 2001 in the Forest District of Monte Alegre, State of Paraná, south of Brazil and in the Forest Companies of the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba. It has been considered the temporary distribution - years, months, hours, days of week - and space - groups of species, forest classes - of the fires. Also there have been analysed the causes and some indicators that show the efficiency of the protection service. Similar results have been obtained in both places, except for the fire season

Uso del desempeño de los índices de peligro de incendio como herramienta para el pronóstico de ocurrencias

One of the tools used for the evaluation of fire danger are the danger indices, allowing the reduction of the large losses caused by them. The Pinar del Río province is the first in Cuba in terms of the occurrence of fires. This research aims to demonstrate the use and importance of the performance of the Nesterov indices, FMA (Monte Alegre Formula), FMA+ (Modified Monte Alegre Formula) and (FPR) Pinar del Río Formula for the Pinar del Río province as a tool help in the decision-making process. The meteorological database and the fires that occurred in the province were used and the performance of the danger indices was determined through the Skill score and the percentage of success. The FPR index presented the lowest value of Skill score, however, it showed the highest value of success percentage and the best behavior of the distribution of degrees of danger, which globally demonstrates that it is the one with the best performance compared to the rest. of the evaluated indices. It was shown that the use of this index contributes to better planning and reduction of the costs of combating forest fires in the province of Pinar del Río.Una de las herramientas utilizadas para la evaluación del peligro de incendio son los índices de peligro, permitiendo la reducción de las cuantiosas pérdidas ocasionadas por los mismos. La provincia Pinar del Río es en Cuba la primera en cuanto a ocurrencia de incendios. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar el uso e importancia del desempeño de los índices Nesterov, FMA (Fórmula de Monte Alegre), FMA+ (Fórmula de Monte Alegre Modificada) y (FPR) Fórmula de Pinar del Río para la provincia Pinar del Río como herramienta de ayuda en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Se utilizó la base de datos meteorológicos y de los incendios ocurridos en la provincia y se determinó el desempeño de los índices de peligro mediante el Skill score y el porcentaje de éxito. El índice FPR presentó el menor valor de Skill score no obstante mostro el valor más alto de porcentaje de éxito y el mejor comportamiento de la distribución de los grados de peligro lo cual demuestra de forma global que es el de mejor desempeño en comparación con el resto de los índices evaluados. Se demostró que la utilización de este índice contribuye a una mejor planificación y reducción de los costos de combate de los incendios forestales en la provincia de Pinar del Río

Comparison between the forest fires statistics in Monte Alegre, Brazil, and Pinar del Río, Cuba

 É importante se determinar onde, quando e porque ocorrem os incêndios florestais, com vistas a estruturar os serviços de prevenção e combate dentro de limites economicamente viáveis. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de comparar o comportamento histórico dos incêndios florestais ocorridos no período de 2002 a 2011 no Distrito Florestal de Monte Alegre, estado do Paraná, Brasil, e nas empresas florestais da Província de Pinar del Río, Cuba. Foram consideradas as distribuições temporal e espacial dos incêndios, tendo sido analisada também a eficiência do serviço de proteção. Os registros de ocorrência de incêndios foram fornecidos pela Klabin S/A e pelo Corpo de Guardabosques de Pinar del Río. Os resultados mostraram um maior número de ocorrências e uma menor área queimada em Monte Alegre. Os incêndios se concentraram nos meses de agosto a outubro (77,97% do total) em Monte Alegre e de março a maio (86,80%) em Pinar del Río. A cobertura vegetal mais afetada nas duas regiões foi “Pinus spp.” e a principal causa foi “incendiário” (71,66% do total) em Monte Alegre e “raios” (39,26%) em Pinar del Río. Conclui-se que há uma similaridade no perfil dos incêndios para os dois lugares, com exceção da época de incêndios.Palavras-chave: Estatísticas de incêndios; época de incêndios; prevenção de incêndios. AbstractComparison between the forest fires statistics in Monte Alegre, Brazil, and Pinar del Río, Cuba. It is important to determine where, when and why forest fires occur in order to structure the prevention and suppression within economically viable limits. This research was developed in order to compare the historical behavior of forest fires in the period 2002 to 2011 in the Forest District of Monte Alegre, Paraná State, Brazil, and forestry companies in the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba. Spatial and temporal distributions of fire occurrence were considered and the efficiency of fire control service was analyzed. Records of fire occurrence were provided by Klabin S/A and the Forest Department of Pinar del Río. The results revealed a higher number of occurrences and a lower burned area in Monte Alegre. The fires were concentrated from the month of August to October (77.97% of total) in Monte Alegre and March-May (86.80%) in Pinar del Río. The most affected vegetation in both regions was "Pinus spp" and the main cause of the occurrence was "incendiary" (71.66% of total) in Monte Alegre and "lightning" (39.26%) in Pinar del Río. There was a similarity in the fire profile for the two regions, except in the fire season.Keywords: Fire statistics; fire history; fire season; fire prevention.AbstractIt is important to determine where, when and why forest fires occur in order to structure the prevention and suppression within economically viable limits. This research was developed in order to compare the historical behavior of forest fires in the period 2002 to 2011 in the Forest District of Monte Alegre, Paraná State, Brazil, and forestry companies in the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba. Spatial and temporal distributions of fire occurrence were considered and the efficiency of fire control service was analyzed. Records of fire occurrence were provided by Klabin S/A and the Forest Department of Pinar del Río. The results revealed a higher number of occurrences and a lower burned area in Monte Alegre. The fires were concentrated from the month of August to October (77.97% of total) in Monte Alegre and March-May (86.80%) in Pinar del Río. The most affected vegetation in both regions was "Pinus spp" and the main cause of the occurrence was "incendiary" (71.66% of total) in Monte Alegre and "lightning" (39.26%) in Pinar del Río. There was a similarity in the fire profile for the two regions, except in the fire season.Keywords: Fire statistics; fire history; fire season; fire prevention

Causalidad de los incendios forestales en Pinar del Río, Cuba (1975-2018)

Understanding the evolution of the causes of fires allows for objective prevention work. This research aimed to analyzing the causality of forest fires in Pinar del Río, Cuba (1975-2018). The analyzes were carried out considering sub-periods, months of the year and affected vegetation. In the period, 2,896 fires occurred and 51 217.75 hectares were burned. The fires originated by anthropogenic causes, mainly negligence, showed an increasing trend over time, contrary to what happened in the case of lightnings. This evolution determined that the fire season changed from March to June in the 1975-1985 sub-period to occur from March to May in the 2008-2018 sub-period. However, the time when more fires occur for each individual cause did not change during the 44 years analyzed. These results will make it possible to improve the forest fire prevention work.Comprender la evolución de las causas de los incendios permite realizar un trabajo objetivo de prevención. Esta investigación analiza la causalidad de los incendios forestales en Pinar del Río, Cuba (1975-2018). Los análisis se realizaron considerando sub-periodos, meses del año y vegetación afectada. En el periodo ocurrieron 2896 incendios y se quemaron 51 217.75 hectáreas. Los incendios originados por causas antropogénicas, principalmente las negligencias, mostraron una tendencia al aumento en el tiempo, contrario a lo ocurrido para el caso de los rayos. Esta evolución determinó que la época de incendios cambiara de marzo a junio en el sub-periodo 1975-1985, y pasara a presentarse de marzo a mayo en el sub-periodo 2008-2018. No obstante, la época donde más incendios ocurren por cada causa de forma individual no cambió durante los 44 años analizados. Estos resultados permitirán perfeccionar el trabajo de prevención de incendios forestales