Solución de ecuaciones cuadráticas con una incógnita y con raíces reales

En este documento, presentamos la unidad didáctica diseñada por el grupo 4 de la maestría en Educación Matemática de la Universidad de los Andes. El tema de la unidad didáctica es Solución de ecuaciones cuadráticas con una incógnita y con raíces reales. Este tema se encuentra ubicado en el grado noveno de enseñanza básica secundaria según la normativa colombiana presentada por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). El tema pretende contribuir al estándar curricular “modelo situaciones de variación con funciones polinómicas” (MEN, 2006, p. 87). Además, pretende contribuir al derecho básico de aprendizaje 11 del grado noveno (MEN, 2015) “expresa una función cuadrática (y = ax²+ bx + c) de distintas formas (y = a (x + d)² + e, o, y = a (x - f)(x - g)) y reconoce el significado de los parámetros a,b,c,d,e,f y g y su simetría en la gráfica”. Nuestra intención al desarrollar este tema es que el estudiante resuelva situaciones problema de su vida cotidiana, de las matemáticas mismas y de otros ámbitos que impliquen el planteamiento y la solución de ecuaciones cuadráticas. Lo anterior, con el fin de que los estudiantes identifiquen la utilidad que tiene resolver ecuaciones cuadráticas y no se enfoquen únicamente en manejar algoritmos de forma mecánica y aislada de un contexto

Characterization of patients with referred pain due to osteomyarticular conditions treated with Natural and Traditional Medicine

Introduction: Currently in Cuba and the world the application of methods of natural and traditional medicine (NTM) is increasing in different osteomyoarticular pathologies. Objective: to characterize the patients with pain due to osteomyoarticular affections treated in the MNT consultation of the rehabilitation room of the polyclinic "Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay", from the Colón municipality in the Matanzas province, between the months of June to December of the year 2019. Method: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study from 675 patients diagnosed with osteomyoarticular conditions, of which 365 who suffered from pain were selected. Variables were studied: age, sex, osteomyoarticular affections diagnosed, NTM modality applied and clinical evolution according to number of treatment sessions. Results: Patients in the age range between 50 and 59 years (24.4%) and females (73.7%) predominated. The osteomyoarticular pain conditions with the highest incidence were low back pain (32.1%), and neck pain (30.9%). The most used NTM modality was pharmacopuncture (40.5%). Clinical improvement was observed in up to (88.8%) of the patients with 5 to 9 treatment sessions. Conclusions: The patients who most attended NTM therapy were mainly middle-aged, older adults, and female. The highest incidence corresponded to sacrolumbalgia. Pharmacopuncture was the most used procedure. These results are similar to those of other bibliographic sources consulted

Solución de ecuaciones cuadráticas con una incógnita y con raíces reales

"En este documento, presentamos la unidad didáctica diseñada por el grupo 4 de la maestría en Educación Matemática de la Universidad de los Andes. El tema de la unidad didáctica es Solución de ecuaciones cuadráticas con una incógnita y con raíces reales. En este trabajo, describimos la unidad didáctica a partir de la articulación de los contenidos, en los que identificamos los conceptos y procedimientos claves del tema y las relaciones que se pueden establecer entre ellos. Además, realizamos un análisis en el que establecimos las expectativas de aprendizaje a las que pretendemos contribuir con nuestra unidad didáctica. Luego, identificamos las dificultades y los errores que pueden impedir la consecución de las expectativas de aprendizaje. En el análisis, también previmos los procedimientos y las estrategias de solución que deben realizar los estudiantes al desarrollar las actividades de la unidad didáctica. Además, presentamos las tareas de evaluación y de aprendizaje que implementamos en el aula." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado."This document presents the teaching unit developed by Group 4 of Masterþs Degree in Mathematics Education of Universidad de los Andes. The topic of the teaching unit is: Solving of Quadratic Equations with One Variable and Real Roots. In this work, we describe the teaching unit based on organization of the contents. In them, we identify the concepts and key procedures of the topic, and the connection that can be established between them. Moreover, we conducted an analysis which we laid down the learning expectations to contribute with our teaching unit. Then, we identified the difficulties and mistakes that can impede the achievement of learning expectations. In the analysis, we also foresaw the procedures and solution strategies that students should perform to develop the activities of the teaching unit. Besides, we introduce the assessment and learning tasks which we implemented in the classroom." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado.Magíster en Educación MatemáticaMaestrí

Suitability of Two Rapid Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays for Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Activity of Sera

Purpose: Assessment of commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays for their capacity to provide reliable information on sera neutralizing activity is an emerging need. We evaluated the performance of two commercially-available lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFIC) (Wondfo SARS-CoV-2 Antibody test and the INNOVITA 2019-nCoV Ab test) in comparison with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralization pseudotyped assay for COVID-19 diagnosis in hospitalized patients, and investigate whether the intensity of the test band in LFIC associates with neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers. Patients and Methods: Ninety sera were included from 51 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter-based pseudotyped neutralization assay (vesicular stomatitis virus coated with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) was used. Test line intensity was scored using a 4-level scale (0 to 3+). Results: Overall sensitivity of LFIC assays was 91.1% for the Wondfo SARS-CoV-2 Antibody test, 72.2% for the INNOVITA 2019-nCoV IgG, 85.6% for the INNOVITA 2019-nCoV IgM and 92.2% for the NtAb assay. Sensitivity increased for all assays in sera collected beyond day 14 after symptoms onset (93.9%, 79.6%,93.9% and 93.9%, respectively). Reactivities equal to or more intense than the positive control line (≥2+) in the Wondfo assay had a negative predictive value of 100% and a positive predictive value of 96.4% for high NtAb50 titers (≥1/160). Conclusions: Our findings support the use of LFIC assays evaluated herein, particularly the Wondfo test, for COVID-19 diagnosis. We also find evidence that these rapid immunoassays can be used to predict high SARS-CoV-2-S NtAb50 titers.This work was supported by Valencian Government grant IDIFEDER/2018/056 to JRD, Generalitat Valenciana grant Covid_19-SCI to RG-R, Spanish National Research Council grant CSIC-COV19-082 and Fondo Supera Covid-19 grant BlockAce to RG-RN

Inference of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Activity of Sera by using LFIC assays

Assessment of commercial SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays for their capacity to provide reliable information on sera neutralizing activity is an emerging need. We evaluated the performance of two commercially‐available lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFIC) (Wondfo SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibody test and the INNOVITA 2019‐nCoV Ab test) in comparison with a SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization pseudotyped assay for COVID‐19 diagnosis in hospitalized patients, and investigate whether the intensity of the test band in LFIC associates with neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers. Ninety sera were included from 51 patients with moderate to severe COVID‐19. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter‐based pseudotyped neutralization assay (vesicular stomatitis virus coated with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein) was used. Test line intensity was scored using a 4‐level scale (0 to 3+). Overall sensitivity of LFIC assays was 91.1% for the Wondfo SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibody test, 72.2% for the INNOVITA 2019‐nCoV IgG, 85.6% for the INNOVITA 2019‐nCoV IgM and 92.2% for the NtAb assay. Sensitivity increased for all assays in sera collected beyond day 14 after symptoms onset (93.9%, 79.6%,93.9% and 93.9%, respectively). Reactivities equal to or more intense than the positive control line (≥2+) in the Wondfo assay had a negative predictive value of 100% and a positive predictive value of 96.4% for high NtAb50 titers (≥1/160). Our findings support the use of LFIC assays evaluated herein, particularly the Wondfo test, for COVID‐19 diagnosis. We also find evidence that these rapid immunoassays can be used to predict high SARS‐CoV‐2‐S NtAb50 titers.This work was supported by Valencian Government grant IDIFEDER/2018/056 to JRD, Generalitat Valenciana grant Covid_19-SCI to RG-R, Spanish National Research Council grant CSIC-COV19-082 and Fondo Supera Covid-19 grant BlockAce to RG-RPeer reviewe