Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Mental and Physical Health Relationships (Chapter 48 of Oxford Textbook of Spirituality in Healthcare)

The existence of this handbook documents the recent increase in research on and practical attention to the role of spirituality in healthcare. One essential companion to the concept of spirituality is spiritual well-being (SWB).[1] That is, although the degree and type of spirituality per se can no doubt play an important role in how well a person faces the dilemmas related to health issues,[2,3] the degree to which a person perceives or derives a sense of wellbeing from that spirituality may be equally or more important. In this connection, SWB is an outcome indicator, or barometer, of how well a person is doing in the face of whatever the person is confronting.[4] Therefore, although SWB is not synonymous with spirituality, it is closely related to it. Similarly, SWB is not synonymous with mental health or physical health, but is likely to be related to both of them. SWB connotes one\u27s subjective perception of well-being in both the religious and/or existential dimensions in accord with whatever is implicitly or explicitly conceived of as a spiritual umbrella for the individual. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)* was developed in order to be a tool for self-assessment of these aspects of general perceived well-being. [ 4,5] Since its first publication in 1982, a large body of research has been done with the SWBS. In preparation for writing this chapter, a literature search documented the scale\u27s use in over 300 published articles and chapters, 190 doctoral dissertations and Masters theses, 35 posters and presentations, and 50 unpublished papers. It has also been reprinted in no less than 4 books on palliative care and counseling. [ 6-9] An exhaustive review of all of this research is beyond the scope of this chapter; the interested reader is referred to a companion review article. [ 10] Here, we focus specifically and selectively on research related to healthcare. We highlight those studies using the SWBS that are related to mental health variables or to the mental and well-being issues that are consequences or correlates of physical health conditions. In order to maximize the usefulness of this chapter, it is necessary to ( 1) summarize the intellectual roots of the concept of SWB and what the SWBS does and does not measure, (2) explain the meaning and utility of its religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB) subscales, (3) summarize the literature with the SWBS as related to mental and physical health variables, ( 4) note any strengths and weaknesses, research directions, and applications of the SWBS, and (5) summarize implications of SWB research for healthy health care practice

The Pathogenesis and Pathology of Ocular Onchocerciasis

Abstract Not Provided

Energetics and Fitness Introduction to the Symposium

Author Institution: Environmental Biology Program, The Ohio State Universit

Microfilms related to Eastern Africa Part II (Kenya, Asian and Miscellaneous) : a guide to recent acquisitions of Syracuse University

Occasional Bibliography #21, Program of Eastern African Studies, Syracuse University. Guide to microfilm related to Eastern Africa. For more information, refer to the Kenya National Archives subject guide.https://surface.syr.edu/archiveguidekenya/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Effects of a Peer Mentoring Program on Academic Success Among First Year University Students

The present study examines the effect of participation of first-year university students in a full-year peer mentoring program as well as individual differences in motivation in relation to outcome measures of retention and achievement. A sample of 983 first year students completed the Academic Motivation Inventory (Tremblay, 1998) and agreed to provide final grades; 537 students were randomly assigned to participate in the program, while the remainder served as a control group. Mentored students who continued to participate mid-way through the second semester had significantly higher final grades than did students in the control group. There was no effect on retention from year one to year two, however data are being collected on retention and grades for all groups for the length of their undergraduate careers. Students high in anxiety in the mentored group showed achievement comparable to that of low anxiety program participants, whereas students in the control group with high anxiety scored significantly worse on achievement than did their low anxiety counterparts.La présente étude a examiné les répercussions de la participation d'étudiants de première année impliqués, pendant un an, dans un programme de mentorat de pairs, ainsi que les différents niveaux de motivation en rapport avec les résultats mesurés de rétention et de réussite. Un échantillon de 983 étudiants de première année ont complété l'inventaire de motivation académique (Tremblay, 1998) et ont accepté de soumettre leurs notes finales; 537 étudiants ont été choisis au hasard pour participer au programme, tandis que le groupe restant allait faire fonction de groupe contrôle. Les étudiants bénéficiant de l'appui du programme de mentorat qui sont restés jusqu'à la moitié du second semestre ont obtenu des notes considérablement plus élevées que ceux dans le groupe contrôle. Aucun effet sur la rétention n' a été observé entre la première et la deuxième année, mais toutefois des données continuent d'être recueillies dans ce domaine, ainsi que dans celui des notes obtenues par tous les groupes au cours des quatre premières années de scolarisation universitaire. Les étudiants plus angoissés impliqués dans le groupe de mentorat ont aussi bien réussi que les participants du même groupe qui l'étaient moins, tandis que les étudiants du groupe contrôle souffrant d'un niveau d'anxiété élevé ont considérablement moins bien réussi que leurs homologues qui y étaient moins sujets

Microfilms relating to Eastern Africa Part I (Kenya, Miscellaneous) : a guide to recent acquisitions of Syracuse University

Occasional Bibliography #19, Program of Eastern African Studies, Syracuse University. Guide to microfilm related to Eastern Africa. For more information, refer to the Kenya National Archives subject guide.https://surface.syr.edu/archiveguidekenya/1009/thumbnail.jp

Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS): Measuring Spiritual Well-being in International Contexts

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived spiritual health. Developed in the 1980s, it includes 2 subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. The US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological mea-sures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to the religious and existential dimensions, but 3, 4, and even 5 factors are found in some cultural samples. Together, data show the SWBS is a good indicator of biopsychosocial and spiritual wellness. Gradually, international interest in the SWBS has grown, and the SWBS has been translated into 22 lan-guages to date. Results of translations are broadly consistent with the English-language literature. In general, translations are internally consistent and show good test-retest reliability. In some groups, negatively worded items tend to cluster together regardless of content, suggesting a methods factor for those samples. Among international samples, factor analysis generally results in 2 fac-tors or 2 factors and an additional methods factor. Empirical correlates and group differences found with SWBS translations generally parallel those with the English version

Diatom Proteomics Reveals Unique Acclimation Strategies to Mitigate Fe Limitation

Phytoplankton growth rates are limited by the supply of iron (Fe) in approximately one third of the open ocean, with major implications for carbon dioxide sequestration and carbon (C) biogeochemistry. To date, understanding how alteration of Fe supply changes phytoplankton physiology has focused on traditional metrics such as growth rate, elemental composition, and biophysical measurements such as photosynthetic competence (Fv/Fm). Researchers have subsequently employed transcriptomics to probe relationships between changes in Fe supply and phytoplankton physiology. Recently, studies have investigated longer-term (i.e. following acclimation) responses of phytoplankton to various Fe conditions. In the present study, the coastal diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, was acclimated (10 generations) to either low or high Fe conditions, i.e. Fe-limiting and Fe-replete. Quantitative proteomics and a newly developed proteomic profiling technique that identifies low abundance proteins were employed to examine the full complement of expressed proteins and consequently the metabolic pathways utilized by the diatom under the two Fe conditions. A total of 1850 proteins were confidently identified, nearly tripling previous identifications made from differential expression in diatoms. Given sufficient time to acclimate to Fe limitation, T. pseudonana up-regulates proteins involved in pathways associated with intracellular protein recycling, thereby decreasing dependence on extracellular nitrogen (N), C and Fe. The relative increase in the abundance of photorespiration and pentose phosphate pathway proteins reveal novel metabolic shifts, which create substrates that could support other well-established physiological responses, such as heavily silicified frustules observed for Fe-limited diatoms. Here, we discovered that proteins and hence pathways observed to be down-regulated in short-term Fe starvation studies are constitutively expressed when T. pseudonana is acclimated (i.e., nitrate and nitrite transporters, Photosystem II and Photosystem I complexes). Acclimation of the diatom to the desired Fe conditions and the comprehensive proteomic approach provides a more robust interpretation of this dynamic proteome than previous studies.This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE1233014 (BLN) and the Office of Polar Programs Postdoctoral Fellowship grant 0444148 (BLN). DRG was supported by National Institutes of Health 5P30ES007033-10. AH and MTM were supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. RFS and PWB were supported by the New Zealand Royal Society Marsden Fund and the Ministry of Science. This work is supported in part by the University of Washington's Proteomics Computer Resource Centre (UWPR95794). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Absolute Intensities of the Discrete and Continuous Absorption Bands of Oxygen Gas at 1.26 and 1.065 µ and the Radiative Lifetime of the 1Δg State of Oxygen

Laboratory measurements have been made of the absolute intensities of the discrete-line absorption band at 1.26 µ, and of the continuous bands at 1.26 and 1.065 µ in oxygen gas at pressures up to 4.3 atm. It has been shown that discrete and continuous absorptions are quite independent features, the one being a measure of the intrinsic transition probability in isolated molecules, the other of its enhancement in collision complexes. In the former the lines show significant pressure broadening, but the integral molecular absorption coefficients are constant; in the latter they are proportional to pressure and continuous absorption dominates in the 1.26-µ region at about ½ atm oxygen pressure.The radiative half-life of isolated 1Δg oxygen molecules is estimated to be 45 min, and the effect of gas pressure on the rate of decay has been predicted