Evaluación de la obtención de aceite de girasol a partir de extracción acuosa enzimática usando enzimas proteasa

The aim of this work was to maximize the enzymatic aqueous extraction (EAE) of sunflower seed oil using protease enzymes from the evaluation of various temperatures, pH and enzyme concentrations, using a Box-Behnken experimental design. The effect of a thermal pre-treatment of sunflower seeds on free oil yield (FOY) and oil quality was also determined. In the experimental range adopted, a lower temperature (40 °C) provided higher FOY values, as well as the intermediate pH (8.00) and maximum enzyme concentration (9% v/v). Thermal pre-treatment provided an increase in FOY in the initial extraction times (60 to 180 min) and decreased of the extraction time of 4 to 3 h to obtain the highest FOY value (~16%). The fatty acid composition of the oils obtained showed a predominance of oleic (~47.5%) and linoleic acids (~39.5%). The total phytosterol content in the samples was hardly affected by the heat pre-treatment of the seeds, while the fatty acid profile, tocopherol content and oxidative stability were not altered.El objetivo de este trabajo fue maximizar la extracción acuosa enzimática (EAE) de aceite de semillas de girasol utilizando la enzima proteasa a partir de la evaluación de las variables temperatura, pH y concentración de la enzima, utilizando un diseño experimental de Box-Behnken. Además, se determinó el efecto del pretratamiento térmico de las semillas de girasol sobre el rendimiento (RA) y la calidad del aceite. En el rango experimental adoptado, las temperaturas más bajas (40 °C) proporcionaron valores de RA más altos, así como el pH intermedio (8,00) y la concentración máxima de enzima (9% v/v). El pretratamiento térmico proporcionó un aumento del RA en los tiempos de extracción iniciales (60 a 180 min) y una disminución del tiempo de extracción de 4 a 3 h para obtener el valor de RA más alto (~ 16%). La composición en ácidos grasos de los aceites obtenidos mostró predominio de los ácidos oleico (~47,5%) y linoleico (~39,5%). El contenido total de fitosteroles en las muestras se vio poco afectado por el pretratamiento térmico de las semillas, mientras que el perfil de ácidos grasos, el contenido de tocoferoles y la estabilidad oxidativa no se vieron afectados

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.

Revealing the World Heritage cities and their varied natures

Mankind gets impoverished every time cultural and natural heritage gets irreversibly destroyed. World Heritage cities host cultural heritage of "outstanding universal value"; so, the destruction of their cultural heritage brings higher impoverishment than on any other city. Development is not the only threat found endangering WH cities, but is one of their most prominent and rising threats. Though, cities need to keep evolving and no development can strongly compromise their sustainability. Reacting upon the cun'ent lack of an updated list of WH cities, this article proposes a definition and reveals the respective list, distinguished according to their varied natures. These results will allow further research to verify if the nature of WH cities is an influencing factor on their endanger level

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.

LDE heritage conference on heritage and the sustainable development goals: proceedings

Heritage—natural and cultural, material and immaterial—plays a key role in the development of sustainable cities and communities. Goal 11, target 4, of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes the relation between heritage and sustainability. The International LDE Heritage conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development Goals, which took place from 26 to 28 November 2019 at TU Delft in the Netherlands, examined the theories, methodologies, and practices of heritage and SDGs. It asked: How is heritage produced and defined? By whom and in what contexts? What are the conceptions of sustainability, and in what ways are these situational and contextual? How can theoretical findings on heritage and SDGs engage with heritage practice?The conference built on the multidisciplinary expertise of academics in the humanities, social, and spatial sciences, notably the interdisciplinary crossover research program, Design & History, the new theme of Heritage Futures at TU Delft, on active collaboration within the LDE Center for Global Heritage and Development (CGHD), and on heritage-related research conducted by the three partner universities Leiden, Delft and Erasmus in Rotterdam by further associated partners in the consortium and internationally.</p

LDE heritage conference on heritage and the sustainable development goals: proceedings

Heritage—natural and cultural, material and immaterial—plays a key role in the development of sustainable cities and communities. Goal 11, target 4, of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes the relation between heritage and sustainability. The International LDE Heritage conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development Goals, which took place from 26 to 28 November 2019 at TU Delft in the Netherlands, examined the theories, methodologies, and practices of heritage and SDGs. It asked: How is heritage produced and defined? By whom and in what contexts? What are the conceptions of sustainability, and in what ways are these situational and contextual? How can theoretical findings on heritage and SDGs engage with heritage practice?The conference built on the multidisciplinary expertise of academics in the humanities, social, and spatial sciences, notably the interdisciplinary crossover research program, Design & History, the new theme of Heritage Futures at TU Delft, on active collaboration within the LDE Center for Global Heritage and Development (CGHD), and on heritage-related research conducted by the three partner universities Leiden, Delft and Erasmus in Rotterdam by further associated partners in the consortium and internationally.Global Challenges (FSW

Enhancing the Outstanding Universal Value assessment practices of Willemstad

Like any other city, World Heritage (WH) Cities have a constant need for development. The challenge is to accommodate the needs of society without compromising their cultural significance, without compromising their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). New interventions in architecture and urban development and the absence of dynamics pressure properties inscribed at the WH list. These dynamics bring new challenges to urban heritage conservation, especially because instead of enhancing, these developments are often jeopardizing the OUV of WH Cities.In order to reconcile the development and conservation of these protected zones, their potential impact on the OUV needs to be assessed in a more systematic and objective manner. This paper proposes enhancements to the OUV assessment practices undertaken at the WH City ofWillemstad, Curayao, Netherlands Antilles, by revealing the management process, the cultural values and significant attributes, as well as, its current threats.