International Approaches to Climate Change and Cultural Heritage

Anthropogenic climate change is increasingly threatening cultural heritage; cultural resource managers, communities, and archaeologists are confronting this reality. Yet the phenomenon is happening over such a wide range of physical and sociocultural contexts that it is a problem that is too big for any one organization or discipline to tackle. Therefore the sharing of best practices and examples between the communities dealing with this problem is essential. This article presents examples from communities, cultural resource managers, and archaeologists who are engaging with climate change based threats to cultural heritage. Our presentation of these international activities follows the US National Park Service (NPS) four-pillar approach to climate change threats to cultural heritage, which is that there are four primary components to climate change response: science, mitigation, adaptation, and communication. We discuss this approach and then present a number of cases in which communities or institutions are attempting to manage cultural heritage threatened by climate change through these four pillars. This article restricts itself to examples that are taking place outside of the USA and concludes with some general recommendations for both archaeologists and funding entities

Characterisation of the semi-volatile component of Dissolved Organic Matter by Thermal Desorption – Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry

Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a sensitive, soft ionisation method suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic vapours. PTR-MS is used for various environmental applications including monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, chemical composition measurements of aerosols, etc. Here we apply thermal desorption PTR-MS for the frst time to characterise the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). We developed a clean, low-pressure evaporation/sublimation system to remove water from samples and coupled it to a custom-made thermal desorption unit to introduce the samples to the PTR-MS. Using this system, we analysed waters from intact and degraded peat swamp forest of Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, and an oil palm plantation and natural forest in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. We detected more than 200 organic ions from these samples and principal component analysis allowed clear separation of the diferent sample origins based on the composition of organic compounds. The method is sensitive, reproducible, and provides a new and comparatively cheap tool for a rapid characterisation of water and soil DOM

Administrators' Beliefs About the Role of the Public: the Case of American Federal Executives

Faced with the steady growth of technological operations in government, to what extent and in what way can citizen participation in administra tion be preserved? A century ago the distinction between citizen and official was slight, passage from one status to the other was easy. Now inexpert participation in whole blocks of administration has become im possible, the distinction between official and citizen is more definite and permanent, a bureaucracy has emerged out of the conditions of modern government.... The reconciliation of democratic institutions and a pro fessionalized bureaucracy ... is one of the major perplexities of the future. 1Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68317/2/10.1177_106591297803100404.pd

Historiographies of science and labor:From past perspectives to future possibilities

This article offers suggestions for what a labor history of science might look like and what it might accomplish. It does so by first reviewing how historians of science have analyzed the history of both “science as labor” and “science and labor” since the 1930s. It then moves on to discuss recent historiographical developments in both the history of science and labor history that together provide an analytical frame for further research. The article ends by projecting into the future, considering how a labor history of science might help us grapple with connecting our understanding of the past with the challenges of today and tomorrow.</p

Science and/as work:An introduction to this special issue

This brief essay introduces a special issue dedicated to exploring two themes: “science and work” and “science as work.” Following a brief overview of these two themes, it briefly describes the other contributions to the special issue.</p

NEPC Review: Capitalism in the 1619 Project (The Heritage Foundation, January 2021)

The 1619 Project of the&nbsp;New York Times re-examines United States history with the experiences of Black Americans at the center. The 1619 Project has elicited a significant backlash, culminating recently in the efforts of multiple state legislatures to ban the use of its curricular materials. Consistent with those efforts, this Heritage Foundation report seeks to disqualify the 1619 Project curricular materials as insufficiently celebratory of American capitalism. The report asserts that the 1619 Project overstates slavery&rsquo;s importance to U.S. economic history. However, the report is less concerned with potential students&rsquo; content knowledge about slavery than with their receptivity to the libertarian policy preferences of the Heritage Foundation. Disconnected from the current scholarly literature on both American slavery and history pedagogy, the report commits the exact sin with which it besmirches the 1619 Project: substituting ideology and political motives for an accurate engagement with the past. </div

Troglitazone stimulates beta-arrestin-dependent cardiomyocyte contractility via the angiotensin II type 1A receptor.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases, and are reported to have several effects on cardiovascular function that may be due to PPAR gamma-independent signaling events. Select angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) interact with and modulate PPAR gamma activity, thus we hypothesized that a PPAR gamma agonist may exert physiologic effects via the angiotensin II type 1(A) receptor (AT1(A)R). In AT1(A)R-overexpressing HEK 293 cells, both angiotensin II (Ang II) and the PPAR gamma agonist troglitazone (Trog) enhanced AT1(A)R internalization and recruitment of endogenous beta-arrestin 1/2 (beta arr1/2) to the AT1(A)R. A fluorescence assay to measure diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation showed that although Ang II induced AT1(A)R-G(q) protein-mediated DAG accumulation, Trog had no impact on DAG generation. Trog-mediated recruitment of beta arr1/2 was selective to AT1(A)R as the response was prevented by an ARB- and Trog-mediated beta arr1/2 recruitment to beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta 1AR) was not observed. In isolated mouse cardiomyocytes, Trog increased both % and rate of cell shortening to a similar extent as Ang II, effects which were blocked with an ARB. Additionally, these effects were found to be beta arr2-dependent, as cardiomyocytes isolated from beta arr2-KO mice showed blunted contractile responses to Trog. These findings show for the first time that the PPAR gamma agonist Trog acts at the AT1(A)R to simultaneously block G(q) protein activation and induce the recruitment of beta arr1/2, which leads to an increase in cardiomyocyte contractility