A Novel Pleiotropic Effect of Beta-Blockers: Useful or Not?

β-adrenergic blockers or β-blockers (BBs) have been the antihypertensive treatment for the past 50 years. Several studies were developed to further explore the therapeutic effects of BB, ranging from use in liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices to involvement in cancer treatment. The Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has been shown to cause several of these diseases. Immune suppression, cardiovascular dysfunction, hypertension, and even worse prognosis in cancer patients are due to chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Based on its mechanism of action, the use of BB drugs has different therapeutic targets, and each has different advantages and side effects. Since the discovery of a new third-generation BB drug that has a complete combination of action, several diseases have hopes of being treated with this agent. Improving survival, hospital discharge, and quality of life affecting patients is the goal of the new therapeutic approach

Pengaruh Pengingat Elektronik dalam Meningkatkan Pemeriksaan Mata Retinopati Diabetik: A Meta-Analysis

Pemeriksaan mata rutin diperlukan untuk melakukan penanganan dini. Promosi kesehatan yang tepat merupakan kunci peningkatkan pemeriksaan mata rutin. Salah satu promosi kesehatan yang dapat diterapkan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan media komunikasi elektronik ponsel. Metode telaah sistematis dan meta-analisis digunakan dalam penelitian ini, pelaporan mengacu pada diagram alur PRISMA 2020. Pencarian sistematis dilakukan secara daring di pangkalan data Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCO Host (CINAHL Plus), SAGE, Science Direct, PubMed, dan ClinicalTrials.gov registry, 8.782 artikel ilmiah relevan ditemukan. Penapisan artikel ilmiah dilakukan dengan bantuan web-application rayyan.qcri terhadap artikel duplikat serta artikel yang tidak memenuhi kriteria inklusi maupun kriteria eksklusi. Penilaian kritis studi dilakukan dengan EPHPP Quality Assesment Tool for Quantitative Studies, menghasilkan penilaian kuat pada delapan studi, penilaian moderat pada tiga studi dan penilaian lemah pada dua studi. Sintesis dan meta-analisis dilakukan pada sebelas studi dengan software Review Manager 5.4 menghasilkan tabel karakteristik studi, analisis Random Effect Models dengan overall RR 1,43 (1,23-1,66), p<0,00001, I2= 0,87, forrest plot serta funnel plot. Tingginya heterogenisitas pada studi ini terjadi karena perbedaan wilayah studi yang diteliti, yang justru menunjukkan bahwa studi ini dapat diterapkan secara umum. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengingat elektronik terbukti secara signifikan meningkatkan pemeriksaan mata rutin dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit retinopati diabetik

The Common of Side Effects of Pegylated Interferon Treatment in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Patients: Systematic Review

&nbsp;Pegylated Interferon (Peg-INF) therapy which has various side effects and is relatively severe. The side effects that occur in each individual are different, some patients treated with Peg-INF have experienced mild to severe side effects. Evaluation The side effects of Peg-INF on chronic hepatitis B and / or C have not been widely reported. Thus, I will conduct research on the side effects of Peg-INF therapy in chronic hepatitis B and / or C patients by combining two or more research results that can be combined to obtain new quantitative data. The purpose of this study was to determine the side effects of Peg-INF treatment in chronic hepatitis B and C patients.&nbsp; This research uses the Systematic Review method. With the keyword "Efek Samping Pegylated Interferon"; "Pegylated Interferon successful treatment"; Pegylated Interferon Hepatitis in Asia”. As a result total of 19 journal articles were obtained and the side effects of Peg-INF were hematological, systemic, psychiatric, autoimmune and hearing function side effects

Cefotaxime vs Ceftriaxone for the Prolongation of Latency Period in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Introduction: Antibiotics are well known and recommended as the main therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM.) But the research on antibiotics other than the recommended macrolides regimens is still lacking. This research aims to evaluate whether there are effects differences of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone given on pregnancy with PPROM by comparing the duration of the latency period and the infants outcomes. Material and Methods: Data was taken retrospectively through medical records at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya General Hospital, Indonesia during the period of January-December 2017. The inclusion criteria were a history of PPROM in pregnancy &lt;37 weeks, given cefotaxime or ceftriaxone therapy, and have labor data. The analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney comparison test for the latency period and Fisher's exact test for infant outcomes. Results: There were 52 samples obtained. The antibiotics used were cefotaxime 3x1gr (A) and ceftriaxone 2x1gr (B). The results of the analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the types of antibiotics with the length of the latency period, with a value of p = 0,601 (p&gt;0,05), where group A had a median of 52,67 hours and group B was 34,17 hours. Group A was found to be more able to extend the latency period for &gt;48 hours with a percentage of 57,8%, whereas in group B only 42,9%. There are no significant differences in infant outcomes; infant birth weight and Apgar score among the two therapies used. Conclusion: Cefotaxime was more preferably to be used in the Dr. Soetomo Surabaya General Hospital. Nevertheless, ceftriaxone can still be a good choice for PPROM therapy since both cephalosporins have succeeded in preventing infections in women with PPROM

Hypolipidemic Effects of Rosa Damascena Mill. Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic condition with a lot of complication which can lead to death. Vascular complication in diabetes commonly caused by dyslipidemia which characterized by decreased HDL, elevated LDL, Cholesterol and Triglyceride. Rosa damascena- an ornamental plantthoughts to have anti hyperglycemia and antioxidant effects because of its large amount of polyphenolic components . This study analyzed hypolipidemic activity properties of an ethanol extract of Rosa damascena by measuring the lipid profile using various doses. Methods: This research is experimental study with randomized post-test only control group design. Twenty male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups; The groups were Healthy Control Group (HCG), Diabetes Group (DG), and Extract Group: P1 (250 mg/kgBW), P2 (500 mg/kgBW), P3 (1000 mg/kgBW). All treatment groups were injected by single-dose streptozotocin 50 mg/kgBW to induce diabetes, and given the Rosa damascena ethanolic extract oral treatment for 2 weeks. Statistical results showed that Rosa damascena significantly decrease cholesterol (58.2±15.19), LDL (11±2.44) optimally in dose 250 mg/KgBW and triglyceride (96.7±44.2) optimally in dose 500 mg/kgBW after 14 days. Conclusion: Rosa damascena extract seems to be great candidate for anti-hyperlipidemic drugs

Understanding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Determines the Readiness of Doing Basic Life Support

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Basic Life Support (BLS) is the initial action to save life-saving conditions. BLS is one of the most important components in CPR. BLS greatly determines the fate of the next life-threatening victim. This study aimed to know the relationship of understanding CPR to readiness to do BLS for students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Methods: This was non-experimental study using the design of analytic and descriptive statistics. The sample of this study was the students of Faculty of Medicine, class of 2015, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya and was taken by probability sampling method with a simple random sampling technique. Data retrieval was performed by giving a questionnaire to 100 respondents. This study was conducted in February 2019. The results of this study were then analyzed by SPSS using the Spearman test. Results: The results of this study showed that the most level of understanding CPR was in the good category with 56 people (56%), while the readiness to do BLS was mostly in the moderate category with 55 people (55%). Based on the results of statistical tests using the Spearman test, there was a relationship between the level of understanding CPR and the readiness to do BLS for students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Conclusion: There was relationship between the level of understanding CPR and the readiness to do BLS for students of Faculty Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya

IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ON GLASSES USED BY STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA, SURABAYA, INDONESIA CLASS OF 2016

Background: People nowadays suffer from refractive disorder that declines the vision. The most common therapy to overcome this problem is to use glasses. The continuous use of glasses and the difficulties on disinfecting the entire surface can cause bacterial contamination. Those bacteria can cause various eye diseases. This fact pushed the researcher to find out if there were bacterial contaminants on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, class of 2016. Objective: To prove the species of bacterial contaminants and pathogenic bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia class of 2016. Materials and Methods: Cotton swab moistened in sterile distilled water was swabbed to 30 glasses on its inside lens and the part touching the nose. The sample was then inoculated on blood agar and Mac Conkey, and incubated for 24 hours in 37oC. Then, the isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The whole sample that had been examined was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with risk of causing eye diseases. Those bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. (50%), Pseudomonas sp. (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (16%). Conclusion: The result of this research showed that there was contamination by bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia class of 2016. All bacteria found were pathogenic to the eye. This showed that glasses could become a reservoir of the pathogenic bacteria that could potentially cause recurring eye infection

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Medical Students in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga Year Batch 2016, 2017, and 2018

Background: Going through college is a stressful life situation. Students are challenged to live independently along with academic challenges. The medicine is known to be more stressful than other professional study programs. Objectives: To analyze the depression, anxiety, and stress in medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Year Batch 2016, 2017 and 2018. Sampling Methods: This research was conducted with observational analytic study design, a cross-sectional approach by accidental sampling. The variables used are the socio-demographic characteristics of medical students as an independent variable, and the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress as the dependent variable. Data was collected by visiting each year batch, and giving a questionnaire sheet Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale - 42 items (DASS42). The results were then processed and analyzed in SPSS 16. Result: Respondents were mostly female (71,0%), Javanese (69,9%), have no history of personal (95,3%) and family mental disorders (94,4%), do not consume alcohol and cigarettes (98,3%), having married parents (91,4%), mean age 19 years, and first child. Year batch of 2016 exposed to depression 26.3%, anxiety 51.5%, and stress 32.3%. Year batch of 2017 exposed to depression 30.2%, anxiety 60.4%, and stress 37.5%. While the year batch of 2018 which is depressed 23.2%, anxiety 54.3%, and stress 30.5%. Conclusion: There was correlation between anxiety and stress with gender, which female tend to be more anxious and stressed, there is no difference in depression, anxiety, and stress in the class of 2016, 2017 and 2018

POTENSI ANTI ALERGI EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR IMUNOLOBULIN E PADA MENCIT YANG DIUNDUKSI OVALBUMIN

We investigated the potency of garlic extract on immunoglobuline E production in mice. The garlic extract was orally administered to mice before injected intraperitoncally with ovalbumin, and the level of IgE in serum was determined. The mice were divided into the control groups were saline perorally, garlic exctract groups received doses of 100; 200 and 400 mg/kg garlic exctract (peroral) respectively. This was followed by the administration ovalbumin at dose 1 ug/g BW through the intraperitoneal route 60 min after administration garlic extract or saline. Results indicated that the increase in immunoglobuline E production after ovalbumin injection was significantly prevented by preadministration of the garlic exctract at 400 mg/kg BW but not garlic exctract at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. These resultas suggest that garlic exctract at dose 400 mg/kg BW has antiallergy properties

POTENSI EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium Sativum) SEBAGAI ANTI ALERGI PADA MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN OVALBUMIN

The potency of garlic extract as antiallergy in rat were investigated. Garlic extract was evaluated for antiallergy effect by ovalbumin-induced rat paw edema. Sprague Dawley Rats were divided into the control groups were saline perorally, garlic exctract groups received doses of 100; 200 and 400 mg/kg garlic extract (peroral) respectively. This was followed by the administration ovalbumin at dose 500 ug/kg BW through the intraplantar route 30 min after administration piperine or saline. After the ovalbumin injection was measurement of paw volume. The garlic exctract in doses of 100; 200 and 400 mg/kg BW showed 5,4%; 43,8% and 54,8% inhibition of paw edema respectively at the end of three hours. The increase in paw volume after ovalbumin injection was significantly prevented by preadministration of the garlic exctract at 400 mg/kg BW but not garlic extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. These results suggest that garlic exctract at dose 400 mg/kg BW has antiallergy properties