Cobertura vacinal da raiva entre acadêmicos de medicina veterinária/ Rabies vaccination coverage among veterinary medical students

Introdução: Os estudantes da área de medicina veterinária compõem o grupo de risco susceptível à contaminação por raiva por estarem em contato com animais desde os primeiros períodos da graduação e em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Objetivo: Conhecer a porcentagem de acadêmicos de medicina veterinária que realizaram o protocolo de vacinação contra Raiva no município de Foz do Iguaçu. Metodologia: Foi aplicado um questionário online para 156 acadêmicos do curso de medicina veterinária do Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas, com questões a fim de arrecadar dados qualitativos e quantitativos referentes ao conhecimento acerca da Raiva. Resultados: Dos 156 entrevistados, 51,8% relatam trabalhar e/ou fazer estágio nas áreas da medicina veterinária. Observou-se que 110 (70,3%) participantes não tinham a vacinação em dia, sendo os principais motivos em razão de esquecimento (32%) seguido da falta de orientação (25,4%). Foi possível observar que 108 participantes conhecem o ciclo epidemiológico da raiva, enquanto 48 desconhecem. Dos participantes, 137 (87,8%) referiram conhecer a respeito dos riscos de uma possível contaminação. Relatam, 84 (54,2%) participantes, terem sido mordidos por algum animal e, destes, 55 (77,5%) não tomaram a vacina antirrábica após o ocorrido. 71% dos participantes têm o conhecimento das medidas a serem tomadas em caso de mordeduras.  Observou-se que 153 (98,1) participantes possuem animais de companhia e, destes, 109 realizaram o protocolo vacinal inicial antirrábico e fazem o reforço anualmente em seus animais. Conclusão: Grande parte dos acadêmicos entrevistados não têm uma cobertura vacinal efetiva contra o vírus da raiva, sendo necessário através das instituições de ensino o desenvolvimento de protocolos que incentivem a vacinação profilática, bem como abordagem especial na questão das zoonoses de interesse à saúde pública

Increase SARS-CoV-2 infection in a border region after Brazil national holidays / Aumento da infecção de SARS-CoV-2 em uma região de fronteira após feriados nacionais no Brasil

In recent years, the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases have raised many questions about the role of epidemiological surveillance and understanding the patterns of infections can help in preventing and combating the disease. The objectives of this study were to report the increase in the number of positive cases in the border municipality of Foz do Iguaçu-PR and region, before and after national holidays in Brazil and its implications for public health. After the holidays, the average number of tests remains, and an increase in the number of positive cases is observed between days 5th, 6th, and 7th, 4.93% on Corpus Christi, 6.44% on Mother's Day, 4.20% on Father's Day, 10.43% on Independence Day and 14.49% on Our Lady of Aparecida’s Day. The data can be useful, assisting hospital managers and health teams in the planning, and coordination of hospitals, since a sudden increase in the number of contaminated patients can generate a saturation in care stations and hospital units. This research demonstrates that national holidays can influence the increase in positive cases for SARS-CoV-2, and there are indications for greater contamination over long holidays

Building Infestation Index for Aedes aegypti and occurrence of dengue fever in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, from 2001 to 2016

Abstract INTRODUCTION: the Building Infestation Index (BII) uses the Rapid Assay of the Larval Index for Aedes aegypti (LIRAa) to express the relationship between positive and surveyed properties. We evaluated LIRAa and the relationship between the BII and climate variables for dengue cases in Foz do Iguaçu municipality, Paraná. METHODS: Spearman’s correlations for mean precipitation, mean temperature, BII, and dengue cases (time lag). RESULTS: positive correlations between BII and cases, and mean temperature and cases at two months. Weak correlation between precipitation and cases at three months. CONCLUSIONS: LIRAa and climate variables correlate with dengue cases

Building Infestation Index for Aedes aegypti and occurrence of dengue fever in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, from 2001 to 2016

<div><p>Abstract INTRODUCTION: the Building Infestation Index (BII) uses the Rapid Assay of the Larval Index for Aedes aegypti (LIRAa) to express the relationship between positive and surveyed properties. We evaluated LIRAa and the relationship between the BII and climate variables for dengue cases in Foz do Iguaçu municipality, Paraná. METHODS: Spearman’s correlations for mean precipitation, mean temperature, BII, and dengue cases (time lag). RESULTS: positive correlations between BII and cases, and mean temperature and cases at two months. Weak correlation between precipitation and cases at three months. CONCLUSIONS: LIRAa and climate variables correlate with dengue cases.</p></div

The Omicron Lineages BA.1 and BA.2 (<i>Betacoronavirus</i> SARS-CoV-2) Have Repeatedly Entered Brazil through a Single Dispersal Hub

Brazil currently ranks second in absolute deaths by COVID-19, even though most of its population has completed the vaccination protocol. With the introduction of Omicron in late 2021, the number of COVID-19 cases soared once again in the country. We investigated in this work how lineages BA.1 and BA.2 entered and spread in the country by sequencing 2173 new SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected between October 2021 and April 2022 and analyzing them in addition to more than 18,000 publicly available sequences with phylodynamic methods. We registered that Omicron was present in Brazil as early as 16 November 2021 and by January 2022 was already more than 99% of samples. More importantly, we detected that Omicron has been mostly imported through the state of São Paulo, which in turn dispersed the lineages to other states and regions of Brazil. This knowledge can be used to implement more efficient non-pharmaceutical interventions against the introduction of new SARS-CoV variants focused on surveillance of airports and ground transportation