Information science and semantic web : converging or parallel lines?

Após uma detalhada discussão, fundamentada em numerosas opiniões, sobre o que significariam realmente as expressões ‗Web 1.0‘, ‗Web 2.0‘, ‗Web. 3.0‘ e ‗Web semântica‘, poder-se-ia concluir, que as fronteiras conceituais entre seus respectivos significados são bastante tênues, para não dizer imaginárias, pois a Web cresce e se desenvolve de forma vertiginosa, por diferentes caminhos que nos brindam com fantásticas inovações. Assim, passamos das rígidas redes de computadores à interconexão descentralizada, sem limites, entre usuários com autonomia crescente. Presta-se especial atenção à Web semântica em seus desenvolvimentos recentes, que apontam para novos paradigmas na representação e organização do conhecimento e seus desdobramentos práticos, na agregação de lógica à Web. Essas reflexões apontam para o importante papel que os novos profissionais da informação devem desempenhar na integração de ciência da informação e Web semântica e, para tanto, tornam-se indispensáveis e urgentes algumas mudanças nos currículos, no que tange ao ensino da analise, representação e organização da informação. Palavras-chave : Web 1.0; Web 2.0; Web 3.0; Web semântica; Representação do conhecimento; Organização do conhecimento. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTFollowing a detailed discussion, founded in numerous opinions about the real meaning of expressions such as ‗Web 1.0‘, ‗Web 2.0‘, ‗Web 3.0‘, and ‗Semantic Web‘, should it be possible to conclude that the conceptual borders of their respective meaning are significantly weak, not to say imaginary. The fast growing and development of the Web in last decades followed different roads, offering to us fantastic innovations. In fact, we jumped from the rigid computer networks to the user‘s unlimited decentralized connection, with a growing autonomy. Special attention is paid to the recent evolution and developments of the semantic Web, pointing to new representational knowledge organization paradigms and their practical developments in aggregating logic to the Web. These reflections indicate the important role to be played by the new information professionals in the integration of information science and semantic Web, and to make this achievement possible it is urgent and indispensable to reinforce some aspects of the curricula in that concerning the skills related to the knowledge analysis, representation and organization

New forestry curricula at the Technical University of Madrid

Although the Bologna Process has aroused some resistance in several countries, it is proving to be a huge opportunity to harmonize higher education across Europe. This process, aiming at enhancing the employability and mobility of citizens to increase the international competitiveness of Europe through the creation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), is been developed in a different way and at a different pace depending on the country. This contribution intends to describe the adjustment of the Spanish University System to the EHEA and the consequences of this process for Forestry Studies. It also presents the new study programs offered by the School of Forest Engineering of the “Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (U.P.M.)”, the oldest centre of higher forestry education in Spain. Finally, the expected outcomes of the new system are outlined

Comparación entre modelos didácticos en la enseñanza práctica de la química

Con el fin de analizar qué metodología acerca mejor la ciencia a los alumnos, incrementando su interés y motivación, se desarrollaron prácticas de laboratorio contextualizadas en el entorno cotidiano dentro de la asignatura de Física y Química. Dentro de este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los modelos tradicional y por descubrimiento con alumnos de 3º de E. S. O. La evaluación se realizó mediante cuestionarios, uno sobre motivación y otro sobre conocimientos, antes y después de realizar las prácticas. No se observaron diferencias en cuanto a motivación según la metodología de aprendizaje aplicada. Sin embargo, sí que hubo diferencias en relación al conocimiento adquirido, siendo mayor en la metodología por descubrimiento. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos cabe destacar que cuando los alumnos participaban en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje aumentaba la mayor participación de los estudiantes se creándose un entorno más plural y divulgativo

Proteccionismo y movimiento de factores productivos en modelo Heckscher-Ohlin : Comercio, desarrollo y migraciones. Implicaciones para la Unión Europea

El objetivo de esta memoria es el análisis de la relación existente entre las restricciones al movimiento de bienes y servicios entre dos economías y los movimientos de factores productivos. Concretamente, se estudiará el impacto que la estructura arancelaria de la UE tiene sobre los países mediterráneos exportadores de bienes intensivos en mano de obra poco cualificada, precisamente los bienes que soportan mayores restricciones y gravámenes para su exportación a la UE

An empirical mixed model to quantify climate influence on the growth of Pinus halepensis Mill. stands in South-Eastern Spain

The influence of climate on forest stand composition, development and growth is undeniable. Many studies have tried to quantify the effect of climatic variables on forest growth and yield. These works become especially important because there is a need to predict the effects of climate change on the development of forest ecosystems. One of the ways of facing this problem is the inclusion of climatic variables into the classic empirical growth models. The work has a double objective: (i) to identify the indicators which best describe the effect of climate on Pinus halepensis growth and (ii) to quantify such effect in several scenarios of rainfall decrease which are likely to occur in the Mediterranean area. A growth mixed model for P. halepensis including climatic variables is presented in this work. Growth estimates are based on data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory (SNFI). The best results are obtained for the indices including rainfall, or rainfall and temperature together, with annual precipitation, precipitation effectiveness, Emberger?s index or free bioclimatic intensity standing out among them. The final model includes Emberger?s index, free bioclimatic intensity and interactions between competition and climate indices. The results obtained show that a rainfall decrease about 5% leads to a decrease in volume growth of 5.5?7.5% depending on site quality

Study on differential expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes in table grape cv. Thompson Seedless

As a consequence of the non-climacteric status of grapes (Vitis vinifera), ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction have scarcely been studied in this fruit. In spite this drawback, the available information suggests a role for ethylene in ripening grape berries. In this work, we report the identification of three homologous genes that encode 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), a key component of ethylene biosynthesis. A comparison of protein sequences revealed that all three VvACOs harbor a 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase domain, which is typical of the ACO gene family; however, VvACO1 showed a higher amino acid sequence homology with VvACO2 than with VvACO3. The expression pattern of VvACOs and the effect of exogenous ethylene on their transcript accumulation were evaluated during table grape berry development in the “Thompson Seedless” cultivar. A peak in VvACO1 transcript accumulation levels was registered around veraison that was 4-fold higher than at harvest, and this peak was confirmed during a second season in grapes that were harvested from three different vineyards. An enhancement in ethylene production and VvACO genes transcript levels was observed in grapes sprayed with ethephon during berry development. However, VvACO1 transcripts reached the highest accumulation earlier than VvACO2 and VvACO3. Altogether, these data confirmed that ethylene may have a role in some aspects of the grape ripening process, and they also highlighted the potential use of some VvACO genes as molecular markers for identifying grape veraison stages in grapes

Webometrics of the academic institutional repositories

O presente estudo oferece um referencial teórico, baseado em estudos de Almind e Ingwersen (1997),Björneborn e Ingwersen (2004),Thelwall, Vaughan e Bjorneborn (2005), Vanti (2007), entre outros, sobre a webometria, para aplicaçãoem repositórios institucionais acadêmicos, verificando a implementação nessas iniciativas, que, por suas características de agregação da produção científica, torna-se uma representação da comunicação científica nas instituições. O estudo, também, encontra apoio em pesquisadores como Thomas (2007),Dhiman (2010) e Aguillo et al. (2010) sobre estudos webométricos em repositórios. Assim, revelando que métricas aplicadas em repositórios podem apresentar informações importantes sobre a instituição mantenedora do repositório, em relação ao ambiente web. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical referential on studies by Almind and Ingwersen (1997), Björneborn and Ingwersen (2004), Thelwall, Vaughan and Bjorneborn (2005), Vanti (2007), among others, on webometrics, for use in academic institutional repositories, verifying its implementation in these initiatives, which, by their characteristics of added scholar production, become a representation of scholar communication in institutions, The study is also based on research works carried out by Thomas (2007), Dhiman (2010) and Aguillo et all (2010) on webometrics in repositories. The display of metrics applied to repositories may bring out important information on the institution maintaining the repository in regards to the web context

Infometrics : history ans trends

Numa releitura da história das metrias da informação em todas suas variantes, o presente Capítulo resgata a contribuição de numerosos pesquisadores da Ïndia, bem como da Europa Oriental e da antiga União Soviética, estes últimos notadamente no domínio da cientometria. O Interesse pelos estudos infométricos no Brasil, e mais particularmente pela bibliometria, nos anos 70-80 do passado século, experimentou posteriormente um declínio significativo, para renascer com nova pujança nos últimos anos, emnumerosas aplicações. A intenção deste longo Capítulo é mostrar, com o auxílio de exemplos concretos, a variedade de aplicações das metrias da informação e, o que é mais importante, ―como fazer‖. Sob uma variedade de nomes – bibliometria, infometria, cientometria, webmetria, etc. – as técnicas infométricas abrem à ciência da informação um brilhante leque de aplicações nos procesos informacionais de representação, organização, gestão, recuperação, planejamento, inferência, tomada de decisão, competitividade, inovação, e todos os desdobramentos políticos, sociais, econômicos, educativos e culturais.In a new reading of the history of infometrics in its whole variety, this Capter uncovers the contribution of a number of Indian, as well as East-European and Russian researchers, the last ones mainly in the domain of scientometrics. The interest, in Brazil, on infometrics, and more precisely in bibliometrics, in the decades of the s seventies and eighties of the last century suffered later on a significant decrease by a recent and strong revival in numerous issues. Special attention is paid in this lon Chapter to show, with the support of numerous examples, to the diversity of infometrics uses and, more important, to ―how to do it‖.Under a variety of names – bibliometrics, infometrics, scientometrics, webmetrics, and so one – infometrics opens a wide and briklliant diversity of actual applications in information recording, organizining, managing, processing, retrieving, forecasting, innovating, decision-making, as well as founding social, economic, cuktural and educationa policies

Aplicação de técnicas infométricas para identificar a abrangência do léxico básico que caracteriza os processos de indexação e recuperação da informação

A análise das coocorrências entre pares de palavras permite estabelecer índices estatísticos que representam a força de associação entre esses pares e, a partir dos valores encontrados, mapear o estado de uma área do conhecimento num determinado momento. A identificação de aglomerados de palavras-chave e a análise da força de ligação entre pares de palavras e expressões significativas integrantes dos aglomerados abre o caminho para importantes aplicações que vão da construção de léxicos especializados até o desenvolvimento de instrumentos lógicos suscetíveis de otimizar os processos de indexação automática e recuperação da informação, passando pela possibilidade de acompanhar a evolução dos temas de interesse da pesquisa científica. Apresenta-se uma aplicação da análise das coocorrências de pares de palavras-chave para identificação do âmbito e da abrangência do léxico básico, que caracteriza os processos de indexação e recuperação da informação

Predicting temporary wetland plant community responses to changes in the hydroperiod

The expected changes on rainfall in the next decades may cause significant changes of the hydroperiod of temporary wetlands and, consequently, shifts on plant community distributions. Predicting plant community responses to changes in the hydroperiod is a key issue for conservation and management of temporary wetlands. We present a predictive distribution model for Arthrocnemum macrostachyum communities in the Doñana wetland (Southern Spain). Logistic regression was used to fit the model using the number of days of inundation and the mean water height as predictors. The internal validation of the model yielded good performance measures. The model was applied to a set of expected scenarios of changes in the hydroperiod to anticipate the most likely shifts in the distribution of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum communities