Le corps en dramathérapie : les notions post-modernes d'identité, de corps et d'émotions de deux auteurs en dramathérapie

Ce travail de recherche a pour but de faire un survol de la notion de corps en dramathérapie en lien avec la notion du corps post-moderne. Pour ce faire, les notions du corps chez deux auteurs en dramathérapie seront, soit celles de Phil Jones et de David Read Johnson. Ces notions seront regardées à travers les théories post-modernes et leur perception de corps. Le travail de recherche est divisé en trois grands chapitres, soit le corps en thérapie et en dramathérapie, puis la notion du corps dans le travail de Phil Jones et finalement celle de David Read Johnson. Ce travail permettra de conclure si la notion du corps en dramathérapie est complémentaire ou non à celle des théories post-modernes. Cela pour arriver à comprendre l'implication du corps dans la pratique et les théories en dramathérapie dans le contexte post-moderne

Genre et pouvoir : relation entre danseurs nus et clientèle féminine et masculine

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre l’influence du genre sur le rapport de force entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine. Depuis les années 1960, les bars de danseuses nues abondent à Montréal. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées à ce sujet, mais très peu concernent directement leurs homologues masculins, les bars de danseurs nus pour hommes et pour femmes. Notre mémoire analyse la relation de pouvoir entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine au 281 et au Stock bar. S’appuyant sur la littérature des bars de danseuSEs nuEs, nous étudions les quatre dimensions de la relation de pouvoir : l’influence des lieux sur les interactions, la liaison physique et sexuelle, l’échange marchand ainsi que le lien émotif. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons effectué plusieurs séances d’observation non-dévoilée au 281 et au Stock bar. Afin d’analyser les données que nous avons recueillies, nous utilisons les théories de Judith Butler et la sociologie goffmanienne. Le concept de phallus de Butler nous permet de repérer qui domine en « ayant » le phallus et qui est dominé en « étant » le phallus. Nous concluons que les femmes sont, à quelques exceptions près, toujours celles qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes danseurs et animateurs qui le « possèdent ». La structuration des soirées, établie selon le modèle hétérosexuel binaire prépondérant, rend très difficile pour elles de s’en emparer. En ce qui concerne le rapport entre les hommes danseurs et clients dans un contexte homosexuel, ce sont les danseurs qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes clients qui l’« ont ». Leur relation est très similaire à celle que nous pouvons observer dans les bars de danseuses nues entre ces dernières et leur clientèle masculine. « Être » le phallus signifie que les danseuSEs nuEs ont le pouvoir de reconnaître ou non le phallus à l’homme client afin qu’il puisse (ou non) matérialiser son pouvoir masculin en subvenant à leurs besoins et en étant désirable à leurs yeux. Dans tous les cas, les danseurs nus font un travail émotionnel différent selon le genre des clientEs, rehaussant le statut social des hommes et diminuant celui des femmes.Since the 1960s, there has been a glut of female strippers’ clubs in Montreal. Numerous researches have been written on the subject, but only few of them are about their masculine counterparts, male strippers’ clubs for men and women. Our thesis questions the power relation between male nude dancers and their female and male patrons at 281 and Stock bar. Using male and female strippers’ clubs literature, we study the four dimensions of their power relation: the physical and organizational space’s influence, the physical and sexual connection, the monetary exchange and the emotional link. Our objective is to understand the gender influence on this power relation between male strippers and their female and male patrons. To answer our research question, we have made several under cover observation sessions at 281 and Stock bar. In order to analyse our data, we use Judith Butler’s theories and goffmanian sociology. Butler’s phallus concept enables us to see who is dominating by “having” the phallus and who is dominated by “being” the phallus. We conclude that women are always, with a few exceptions, the ones “being” the phallus for the male strippers and masters of ceremony who “have” it. The Ladies’ night’s structure, set according to the predominant heterosexual binary model, makes it very difficult for them to seize it. As regards of male strippers’ and patrons’ connection in a homosexual context, strippers “are” the phallus for the patrons that “have” it. Their relationship is very similar to the one observed in female strippers’ clubs. “Being” the phallus means that female and male dancers have the power to acknowledge or ignore the male patron’s phallus possession, which will enable or undermine his masculine power to provide economically for their material needs and to be desirable in their eyes. In all cases, male strippers enact a different emotional labor according to patrons’ gender, by enhancing men’s social status and decreasing women’s

Use of nonintrusive sensor-based information and communication technology for real-world evidence for clinical trials in dementia

Cognitive function is an important end point of treatments in dementia clinical trials. Measuring cognitive function by standardized tests, however, is biased toward highly constrained environments (such as hospitals) in selected samples. Patient-powered real-world evidence using information and communication technology devices, including environmental and wearable sensors, may help to overcome these limitations. This position paper describes current and novel information and communication technology devices and algorithms to monitor behavior and function in people with prodromal and manifest stages of dementia continuously, and discusses clinical, technological, ethical, regulatory, and user-centered requirements for collecting real-world evidence in future randomized controlled trials. Challenges of data safety, quality, and privacy and regulatory requirements need to be addressed by future smart sensor technologies. When these requirements are satisfied, these technologies will provide access to truly user relevant outcomes and broader cohorts of participants than currently sampled in clinical trials

Social robotics for children: an investigation of manufacturers’ claims

As the market for commercial children’s social robots grows, manufacturers’ claims around the functionality and outcomes of their products have the potential to impact consumer purchasing decisions. In this work, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the content and scientific support for claims about social robots for children made on manufacturers’ websites. A sample of 21 robot websites was obtained using location-independent keyword searches on Google, Yahoo, and Bing from April to July 2021. All claims made on manufacturers’ websites about robot functionality and outcomes (n = 653 statements) were subjected to content analysis, and the quality of evidence for these claims was evaluated using a validated quality evaluation tool. Social robot manufacturers made clear claims about the impact of their products in the areas of interaction, education, emotion, and adaptivity. Claims tended to focus on the child rather than the parent or other users. Robots were primarily described in the context of interactive, educational, and emotional uses, rather than being for health, safety, or security. The quality of the information used to support these claims was highly variable and at times potentially misleading. Many websites used language implying that robots had interior thoughts and experiences; for example, that they would love the child. This study provides insight into the content and quality of parent-facing manufacturer claims regarding commercial social robots for children

Saliva-based detection of COVID-19 infection in a real-world setting using reagent-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

ABSTRACT: SIGNIFICANCE: The primary method of COVID-19 detection is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. PCR test sensitivity may decrease as more variants of concern arise and reagents may become less specific to the virus. AIM: We aimed to develop a reagent-free way to detect COVID-19 in a real-world setting with minimal constraints on sample acquisition. The machine learning (ML) models involved could be frequently updated to include spectral information about variants without needing to develop new reagents. APPROACH: We present a workflow for collecting, preparing, and imaging dried saliva supernatant droplets using a non-invasive, label-free technique-Raman spectroscopy-to detect changes in the molecular profile of saliva associated with COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: We used an innovative multiple instance learning-based ML approach and droplet segmentation to analyze droplets. Amongst all confounding factors, we discriminated between COVID-positive and COVID-negative individuals yielding receiver operating coefficient curves with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.8 in both males (79% sensitivity and 75% specificity) and females (84% sensitivity and 64% specificity). Taking the sex of the saliva donor into account increased the AUC by 5%. CONCLUSION: These findings may pave the way for new rapid Raman spectroscopic screening tools for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases

Glutathione Restores the Mechanism of Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Mice to That of the Adult

Glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant produced by cells, can modulate the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) through its reducing functions. During aging, an increase in oxidative stress leads to decreased levels of GSH in the brain. Concurrently, aging is characterized by calcium dysregulation, thought to underlie impairments in hippocampal NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity thought to represent a cellular model for memory

Re-evaluation of blood mercury, lead and cadmium concentrations in the Inuit population of Nunavik (Québec): a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Arctic populations are exposed to mercury, lead and cadmium through their traditional diet. Studies have however shown that cadmium exposure is most often attributable to tobacco smoking. The aim of this study is to examine the trends in mercury, lead and cadmium exposure between 1992 and 2004 in the Inuit population of Nunavik (Northern Québec, Canada) using the data obtained from two broad scale health surveys, and to identify sources of exposure in 2004.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In 2004, 917 adults aged between 18 and 74 were recruited in the 14 communities of Nunavik to participate to a broad scale health survey. Blood samples were collected and analysed for metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and dietary and life-style characteristics were documented by questionnaires. Results were compared with data obtained in 1992, where 492 people were recruited for a similar survey in the same population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean blood concentration of mercury was 51.2 nmol/L, which represent a 32% decrease (p < 0.001) between 1992 and 2004. Mercury blood concentrations were mainly explained by age (partial r²= 0.20; p < 0.0001), and the most important source of exposure to mercury was marine mammal meat consumption (partial r²= 0.04; p < 0.0001). In 2004, mean blood concentration of lead was 0.19 μmol/L and showed a 55% decrease since 1992. No strong associations were observed with any dietary source, and lead concentrations were mainly explained by age (partial r²= 0.20.; p < 0.001). Blood cadmium concentrations showed a 22% decrease (p < 0.001) between 1992 and 2004. Once stratified according to tobacco use, means varied between 5.3 nmol/L in never-smokers and 40.4 nmol/L in smokers. Blood cadmium concentrations were mainly associated with tobacco smoking (partial r²= 0.56; p < 0.0001), while consumption of caribou liver and kidney remain a minor source of cadmium exposure among never-smokers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Important decreases in mercury, lead and cadmium exposure were observed. Mercury decrease could be explained by dietary changes and the ban of lead cartridges use likely contributed to the decrease in lead exposure. Blood cadmium concentrations remain high and, underscoring the need for intensive tobacco smoking prevention campaigns in the Nunavik population.</p

Modulators of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus

The two main forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) represent a cellular model for learning and memory. While synaptic plasticity has been studied extensively, questions still remain on how exogenous and endogenous modulators can impact hippocampal LTP and LTD. Here, we use electrophysiology and imaging to investigate the effects of two types of modulators on synaptic plasticity. First, we look at the effects of an antagonist of the 5-HT6 re ceptor on LTP and LTD in two regions of the hippocampus, the CAl and the dentate gyrus (DG). We find that our 5-HT6 antagonist differentially affects LTP in each region and blocks hippocampal LTD. These findings are the first report of an involvement of the 5-HT6 receptor in synaptic plasticity and are particularly relevant in light of evidence showing a key role of the 5-HT6 receptor in cognition and memory. Second, we look at the effects of glutathione (GSH) supplementation on LTP in aged animals. We show that supplementing aged mice with a precursor for GSH formation reverses the mechanisms underlying hippocampal LTP from L-type calcium channel dependence back to NMDA receptor-dependence. These results suggest an important role for GSH as a modulator of synaptic plasticity in aging.Medicine, Faculty ofGraduat

Lung hyperinflation does not impair central and peripheral blood flow adaptation to rhythmic knee extension exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung hyperinflation has been suggested to reduce cardiac output (Qc) and impede peripheral blood flow, thereby contributing to reduced peak oxygen utilization (VO2) and exercise intolerance observed in this population. However, investigations on peripheral blood flow responses to exercise in COPD are few and have provided divergent results. Moreover, evidence of hyperinflation-induced circulatory limitation is lacking in COPD. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the impact of lung hyperinflation on central and peripheral perfusion, and the subsequent effects on oxygen delivery to exercising muscle during submaximal knee extension exercise. Results showed that despite the presence of clinically significant hyperinflation, COPD (n=9) presented with a normal Qc/VO2 relationship compared to controls (n=5). However, leg blood flow was significantly higher in COPD, which likely reflects a compensatory response for the lower arterial oxygen content or mean arterial blood pressure, thereby maintaining adequate oxygen delivery to exercising muscle. Thus, this study demonstrates that lung hyperinflation does not limit central or peripheral circulation during submaximal exercise in COPD.Chez les patients atteints de maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC), il a été suggéré que l'hyperinflation pulmonaire pourrait causer une réduction du débit cardiaque (Qc) et nuire à la perfusion périphérique pour ainsi contribuer à la réduction de la consommation maximale d'oxygène (VO2) et à l'intolérance à l'exercice observées chez ces patients. Toutefois, peu d'études ont mesuré le débit sanguin fémoral chez les patients MPOC et elles rapportent des résultats hétérogènes. De plus, la démonstration que l'hyperinflation peut limiter la circulation est manquante chez les patients MPOC. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette étude était de clarifier l'impact de l'hyperinflation sur la circulation centrale et périphérique, et les effets conséquents sur l'apport en oxygène vers les muscles actifs pendant un exercice sous-maximal d'extension du genou. Les résultats ont démontré que malgré la présence d'hyperinflation cliniquement significative, les patients MPOC (n=9) présentaient une relation Qc/VO2 normale comparativement aux sujets contrôles (n=5). Toutefois, le débit sanguin fémoral était significativement plus élevé chez les MPOC, ce qui illustre probablement une réponse compensatoire afin de maintenir un apport en oxygène adéquat vers les muscles actifs malgré une concentration artérielle en oxygène réduite ou une pression artérielle diminuée. Ainsi, cette étude démontre que l'hyperinflation pulmonaire ne limite pas la circulation centrale ou périphérique pendant un exercice sous-maximal chez les patients MPOC