Quarks and gluons in dense two-colour QCD

We compute quark and gluon propagators in 2-colour QCD at large baryon chemical potential mu. The gluon propagator is found to be antiscreened at intermediate mu and screened at large mu. The quark propagator is drastically modified in the superfluid region as a result of the formation of a superfluid gap.Comment: 4 pages, talk at Strong and Electroweak Matter 2008, Amsterda

Survey of Federal Whistleblower and Anti-Retaliation Laws

This report provides an overview of federal whistleblower and anti-retaliation laws. In general, these laws protect employees who report misconduct by their employers or who engage in various protected activities, such as participating in an investigation or filing a complaint. In recent years, Congress has expanded employee protections for a variety of private-sector workers. Eleven of the forty laws reviewed in this report were enacted after 1999. Among these laws are the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The report focuses on key aspects of the federal whistleblower and anti-retaliation laws. For each law, the report summarizes the activities that are protected, how the law’s protections are enforced, whether the law provides a private right of action, the remedies prescribed by the law, and the year the law’s whistleblower or anti-retaliation provisions were adopted and amended. With regard to amendment dates, the report identifies only dates associated with substantive amendments. For enactments after 2001, the report provides information on congressional sponsorship and votes

Leadership considerations for executive vice chairs, new chairs, and chairs in the 21st century.

The need to fulfill academic goals in the context of significant economic challenges, new regulatory requirements, and ever-changing expectations for leadership requires continuous adaptation. This paper serves as an educational resource for emerging leaders from the literature, national leaders, and other “best practices” in the following domains: 1. Mentorship; 2. Faculty Development; 3. Promotion; 4. Demonstrating value in each of the academic missions; 5. Marketing and communications; and 6. Barrier

SPEAR-1: An experiment to measure current collection in the ionosphere by high voltage biased conductors

An experiment is described in which a high electrical potential difference, up to 45 kV, was applied between deployed conducting spheres and a sounding rocket in the ionosphere. Measurements were made of the applied voltage and the resulting currents for each of 24 applications of different high potentials. In addition, diagnostic measurements of optical emissions in the vicinity of the spheres, energetic particle flow to the sounding rocket, dc electric field and wave data were made. The ambient plasma and neutral environments were measured by a Langmuir probe and a cold cathode neutral ionization gauge, respectively. The payload is described and examples of the measured current and voltage characteristics are presented. The characteristics of the measured currents are discussed in terms of the diagnostic measurements and the in-situ measurements of the vehicle environment. In general, it was found that the currents observed were at a level typical of magnetically limited currents from the ionospheric plasma for potentials less than 12 kV, and slightly higher for larger potentials. However, due to the failure to expose the plasma contactor, the vehicle sheath modified the sphere sheaths and made comparisons with the analytic models of Langmuir-Blodgett and Parker-Murphy less meaningful. Examples of localized enhancements of ambient gas density resulting from the operation of the attitude control system thrusters (cold nitrogen) were obtained. Current measurements and optical data indicated localized discharges due to enhanced gas density that reduced the vehicle-ionosphere impedance

Mechanisms of Thermal Stability during Flight in the Honeybee Apis Mellifera

Thermoregulation of the Thorax Allows Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) to Maintain the Flight Muscle Temperatures Necessary to Meet the Power Requirements for Flight and to Remain Active Outside the Hive Across a Wide Range of Air Temperatures (T(A)). to Determine the Heat-Exchange Pathways through Which Flying Honeybees Achieve Thermal Stability, We Measured Body Temperatures and Rates of Carbon Dioxide Production and Water Vapor Loss between T(A) Values of 21 and 45°C for Honeybees Flying in a Respirometry Chamber. Body Temperatures Were Not Significantly Affected by Continuous Flight Duration in the Respirometer, indicating that Flying Bees Were at Thermal Equilibrium. Thorax Temperatures (T(Th)) during Flight Were Relatively Stable, with a Slope of T(Th) on T(A) of 0.39. Metabolic Heat Production, Calculated from Rates of Carbon Dioxide Production, Decreased Linearly by 43% as T(A) Rose from 21 to 45°C. Evaporative Heat Loss Increased Nonlinearly by over Sevenfold, with Evaporation Rising Rapidly at T(A) Values above 33°C. at T(A) Values above 43°C, Head Temperature Dropped Below T(A) by Approximately 1-2°C, Indicating that Substantial Evaporation from the Head Was Occurring at Very High T(A) Values. the Water Flux of Flying Honeybees Was Positive at T(A) Values Below 31°C, But Increasingly Negative at Higher T(A) Values. at All T(A) Values, Flying Honeybees Experienced a Net Radiative Heat Loss. Since the Honeybees Were in Thermal Equilibrium, Convective Heat Loss Was Calculated as the Amount of Heat Necessary to Balance Metabolic Heat Gain Against Evaporative and Radiative Heat Loss. Convective Heat Loss Decreased Strongly as T(A) Rose Because of the Decrease in the Elevation of Body Temperature above T(A) Rather Than the Variation in the Convection Coefficient. in Conclusion, Variation in Metabolic Heat Production is the Dominant Mechanism of Maintaining Thermal Stability during Flight between T(A) Values of 21 and 33°C, But Variations in Metabolic Heat Production and Evaporative Heat Loss Are Equally Important to the Prevention of overheating during Flight at T(A) Values between 33 and 45°C

Community Ownership of Local Assets: conditions for sustainable success

In the United Kingdom, the transfer of ownership of certain assets to local community control has been a common response to the financial constraints under which local authorities have operated since the global economic crisis of 2008 (Hart, 2010; DSDNI, 2014). Such a process raises important questions over the to understand a process in which community organisations are ‘in some cases, replacing state provision’ (2015: 85). This is particularly challenging for rural and semi rural communities, which Osborne et al (2004) argue may struggle in their attempts at asset management unless strong voluntary engagement and community infrastructure is present. Others such as Murtagh (2015) and Mackenzie (2006; 2012) have identified the challenges in such transfers as well as some of the ways in which communities can avoid ‘dispossession’ of these important community resources. This paper presents research that focuses on the management of two semi-rural assets transferred from local authority into community ownership. The research was conducted partly in conjunction with the Community and Economic Development team at Tewkesbury Borough Council (TBC), Gloucestershire, England, who identified assets in Churchdown and Brockworth as examples of transferred assets run successfully in community ownership. The data comes from a series of interviews with key stakeholders at each asset, and interviews with a Tewkesbury Borough Council Community Development officer. The work makes two contributions to the study of conditions for sustainable community ownership of transferred assets. First, it argues that legitimacy for asset transfer may be established through engaging a wider range of community members and a greater sense of community ownership post-transfer. Such developments pose a potential challenge to narratives that see asset transfer as the result of neoliberal doctrines and as legitimating neoliberal objectives. There is, however, a tension in this debate, expressible as the difference between a forced responsibilisation of communities that might not be equipped for this, and the conditions required for generating ‘collective responsibility’. Second, we add to the analysis of those such as Emery and Flora (2006) and Fisher and McKee (2017) by applying four of Carney’s (1999) sustainable livelihoods categories to an understanding of the essential community capacity required to pursue successful ownerships of assets. We argue that it is the presence of sufficient human, social, physical, and financial capital that creates an ‘institutional thickness’ (Armin and Thrift, 2012) that can help ensure an asset is sustainable in community ownership

Allometry of Kinematics and Energetics in Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa Varipuncta) Hovering in Variable-Density Gases

We Assessed the Energetic and Aerodynamic Limits of Hovering Flight in the Carpenter Bee Xylocopa Varipuncta. using Normoxic, Variable-Density Mixtures of O2, N2 and He, We Were Able to Elicit Maximal Hovering Performance and Aerodynamic Failure in the Majority of Bees Sampled. Bees Were Not Isometric Regarding Thorax Mass and Wing Area, Both of Which Were Disproportionately Lower in Heavier Individuals. the Minimal Gas Density Necessary for Hovering (MGD) Increased with Body Mass and Decreased with Relative Thoracic Muscle Mass. Only the Four Bees in Our Sample with the Highest Body Mass-Specific Thorax Masses Were Able to Hover in Pure Heliox. Wingbeat Frequency and Stroke Amplitude during Maximal Hovering Were Significantly Greater Than in Normodense Hovering, Increased Significantly with Body Mass during Normodense Hovering But Were Mass Independent during Maximal Hovering. Reserve Capacity for Wingbeat Frequency and Stroke Amplitude Decreased Significantly with Increasing Body Mass, Although Reserve Capacity in Stroke Amplitude (10-30%) Exceeded that of Wingbeat Frequency (0-8%). Stroke Plane Angle during Normodense Hovering Was Significantly Greater Than during Maximal Hovering, Whereas Body Angle Was Significantly Greater during Maximal Hovering Than during Normodense Hovering. Power Production during Normodense Hovering Was Significantly Less Than during Maximal Hovering. Metabolic Rates Were Significantly Greater during Maximal Hovering Than during Normodense Hovering and Were Inversely Related to Body Mass during Maximal and Normodense Hovering. Metabolic Reserve Capacity Averaged 34% and Was Independent of Body Mass. Muscle Efficiencies Were Slightly Higher during Normodense Hovering. the Allometry of Power Production, Power Reserve Capacity and Muscle Efficiency Were Dependent on the Assumed Coefficient of Drag (CD), with Significant Allometries Most Often at Lower Values of CD. Larger Bees Operate Near the Envelope of Maximal Performance Even in Normodense Hovering Due to Smaller Body Mass-Specific Flight Muscles and Limited Reserve Capacities for Kinematics and Power Production