199 research outputs found
van der Waals Interaction Energy Between Two Atoms Moving With Uniform Acceleration
We consider the interatomic van der Waals interaction energy between two
neutral ground-state atoms moving in the vacuum space with the same uniform
acceleration. We assume the acceleration orthogonal to their separation, so
that their mutual distance remains constant. Using a model for the van der
Waals dispersion interaction based on the interaction between the instantaneous
atomic dipole moments, which are induced and correlated by the zero-point field
fluctuations, we evaluate the interaction energy between the two accelerating
atoms in terms of quantities expressed in the laboratory reference frame. We
find that the dependence of the van der Waals interaction between the atoms
from the distance is different with respect to the case of atoms at rest, and
the relation of our results with the Unruh effect is discussed. We show that in
the near zone a new term proportional to adds to the usual
behavior, and in the far zone a term proportional to adds to the usual
behavior, making the interaction of a longer range. We also find that
the interaction energy is time-dependent, and the physical meaning of this
result is discussed. In particular, we find acceleration-dependent corrections
to the (far zone) and (near zone) proportional to
; this suggests that significant changes to the van der Waals
interaction between the atoms could be obtained if sufficiently long times are
taken, without necessity of the extremely high accelerations required by other
known manifestations of the Unruh effect.Comment: 9 page
Effects of a uniform acceleration on atom-field interactions
We review some quantum electrodynamical effects related to the uniform
acceleration of atoms in vacuum. After discussing the energy level shifts of a
uniformly accelerated atom in vacuum, we investigate the atom-wall
Casimir-Polder force for accelerated atoms, and the van der
Waals/Casimir-Polder interaction between two accelerated atoms. The possibility
of detecting the Unruh effect through these phenomena is also discussed in
detail.Comment: 6 pages. Special Issue: 20th Central European Workshop on Quantum
Optics - Stockholm - June 201
Non-thermal effects of acceleration in the resonance interaction between two uniformly accelerated atoms
We study the resonance interaction between two uniformly accelerated
identical atoms, one excited and the other in the ground state, prepared in a
correlated (symmetric or antisymmetric) state and interacting with the scalar
field or the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state. In this case (resonance
interaction), the interatomic interaction is a second-order effect in the
atom-field coupling. We separate the contributions of vacuum fluctuations and
radiation reaction to the resonance energy shift of the system, and show that
only radiation reaction contributes, while Unruh thermal fluctuations do not
affect the resonance interaction. We also find that beyond a characteristic
length scale related to the atomic acceleration, non-thermal effects in the
radiation reaction contribution change the distance-dependence of the resonance
interaction. Finally, we find that previously unidentified features appear,
compared with the scalar field case, when the interaction with the
electromagnetic field is considered, as a consequence of the peculiar nature of
the vacuum quantum noise of the electromagnetic field in a relativistically
accelerated background.Comment: 10 page
Dynamical atom-wall Casimir-Polder effect after a sudden change of the atomic position
We investigate the dynamical Casimir-Polder force between an atom and a
conducting wall during the time evolution of the system from a partially
dressed state. This state is obtained by a sudden change of the atomic position
with respect to the plate. To evaluate the time-dependent atom-plate
Casimir-Polder force we solve the Heisenberg equations for the field and atomic
operators by an iterative technique. We find that the dynamical atom-plate
Casimir-Polder interaction exhibits oscillation in time, and can be attractive
or repulsive depending on time and the atom-wall distance. We also investigate
the time dependence of global observables, such as the field and atomic
Hamiltonians, and discuss some interesting features of the dynamical process
bringing the interaction energy to the equilibrium configuration.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference
Series (Proceedings of the DICE2022 Conference - Castiglioncello, Italy
A metabolomic approach to animal vitreous humor topographical composition: A pilot study
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach to explore the
metabolomic signature of different topographical areas of vitreous humor (VH) in an animal model. Five ocular globes were
enucleated from five goats and immediately frozen at 280uC. Once frozen, three of them were sectioned, and four samples
corresponding to four different VH areas were collected: the cortical, core, and basal, which was further divided into a
superior and an inferior fraction. An additional two samples were collected that were representative of the whole vitreous
body. 1H-NMR spectra were acquired for twenty-three goat vitreous samples with the aim of characterizing the
metabolomic signature of this biofluid and identifying whether any site-specific patterns were present. Multivariate
statistical analysis (MVA) of the spectral data were carried out, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical
Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). A unique metabolomic signature belonging
to each area was observed. The cortical area was characterized by lactate, glutamine, choline, and its derivatives, N-acetyl
groups, creatine, and glycerol; the core area was characterized by glucose, acetate, and scyllo-inositol; and the basal area
was characterized by branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), betaine, alanine, ascorbate, lysine, and myo-inositol. We propose
a speculative approach on the topographic role of these molecules that are mainly responsible for metabolic differences
among the as-identified areas. 1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis has shown to be an important tool for investigating the
VH. In particular, this approach was able to assess in the samples here analyzed the presence of different functional areas on
the basis of a different metabolite distribution.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach to explore the metabolomic signature of different topographical areas of vitreous humor (VH) in an animal model. Five ocular globes were enucleated from five goats and immediately frozen at -80°C. Once frozen, three of them were sectioned, and four samples corresponding to four different VH areas were collected: the cortical, core, and basal, which was further divided into a superior and an inferior fraction. An additional two samples were collected that were representative of the whole vitreous body. 1H-NMR spectra were acquired for twenty-three goat vitreous samples with the aim of characterizing the metabolomic signature of this biofluid and identifying whether any site-specific patterns were present. Multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) of the spectral data were carried out, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). A unique metabolomic signature belonging to each area was observed. The cortical area was characterized by lactate, glutamine, choline, and its derivatives, N-acetyl groups, creatine, and glycerol; the core area was characterized by glucose, acetate, and scyllo-inositol; and the basal area was characterized by branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), betaine, alanine, ascorbate, lysine, and myo-inositol. We propose a speculative approach on the topographic role of these molecules that are mainly responsible for metabolic differences among the as-identified areas. 1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis has shown to be an important tool for investigating the VH. In particular, this approach was able to assess in the samples here analyzed the presence of different functional areas on the basis of a different metabolite distribution. © 2014 Locci et al
Performances of GPM satellite precipitation over the two major Mediterranean islands
This study aims to assess the reliability of satellite-precipitation products from the Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) mission in regions with complex landscape morphology. Our analysis is carried out in the European mid-latitude area, namely on the two major islands of Mediterranean Sea, i.e. Sardinia and Sicily (Italy). Both islands experience precipitation originating from the interaction of steep orography on the coasts with winds carrying humid air masses from the Mediterranean Sea. The GPM post real-time IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals from Global Precipitation Measurement) “Final” run product at 0.1° spatial resolution and half-hour temporal resolution have been selected for the two-year 2015–2016 period. Evaluation and comparison ofthe selected product, withreferenceto raingauge network data, areperformed athourly and daily time scales using statistical and graphical tools. The influences of morphology and land-sea coastal area transition on the reliability of the GPM product have been analysed. Confirming previous studies, results showed that GPM satellite data slightly overestimate rainfall over the study areas, but they are well correlated with the interpolated raingauge data. Metrics based on occurrences above a given threshold and on total volume above the same threshold were applied and revealed better performances for the latter ones. Applying the same metrics we show how GPM performances improve as the temporal aggregation increases. Several drawbacks were detected in the coastal areas, which were characterized by worse performances than internal areas. Statistics are generally very similar for the two considered case studies (i.e., Sardinia and Sicily) except for correlation between topography and accuracy of GPM products, which was slightly higher for Sardinia
Metabolomics in Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (Ear, Nose and Throat-ENT) focuses on inflammatory, immunological, infectious, and neoplastic disorders of the head and neck and on their medical and surgical therapy. The fields of interest of this discipline are the ear, the nose and its paranasal sinuses, the oral cavity, the pharynx, the larynx, and the neck. Besides surgery, there are many other diagnostic aspects of ENT such as audiology and Vestibology, laryngology, phoniatrics, and rhinology. A new advanced technology, named metabolomics, is significantly impacting the field of ENT. All the “omics” sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, converge at the level of metabolomics, which is considered the integration of all “omics.” Its application will change the way several of ENT disorders are diagnosed and treated. This review highlights the power of metabolomics, including its pitfalls and promise, and several of its most relevant applications in ENT to provide a basic understanding of the metabolites associated with these districts. In particular, the attention has been focused on different heterogeneous diseases, from head and neck cancer to allergic rhinitis, hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, noise trauma, sinusitis, and Meniere’s disease. In conclusion, metabolomics study indicates a “fil rouge” that links these pathologies to improve three aspects of patient care: diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics, which in one word is defined as precision medicine
Metabolomic patterns associated to QTc interval in shiftworkers: an explorative analysis
Objectives: 1H NMR-metabolomic approach was used to investigate QTc interval correlation with plasma metabolic profiles in shiftworkers. Methods: Socio-demographic data, electrocardiographic QTc interval and plasma metabolic profiles from 32 male shiftworkers, were correlated by multivariate regression analysis. Results: We found a positive correlation between QTc interval values, body mass index, glycemia and lactate level and a negative correlation between QTc interval and both pyroglutamate and 3-hydroxybutyrate plasma level. Conclusions: Our analysis provides evidence of the association between clinical, metabolic profiles and QTc interval values. This could be used to identify markers of early effects and/or susceptibility in shiftworker
Thermal analysis of the antineutrino 144Ce source calorimeter for the SOX experiment
The technical note describes the calorimeter which will be used to measure the activity of the antineutrino 144Ce source of the SOX experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratories. The principle of the calorimeter is based on the measurement of both mass flow and temperature increase of the water circulating in the heat exchanger surrounding the source. The calorimeter is vacuum insulated in order to minimize the heat losses. The preliminary design and thermal Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are reported in the note
Glutamine Starvation Affects Cell Cycle, Oxidative Homeostasis and Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Cancer cells adjust their metabolism to meet energy demands. In particular, glutamine addiction represents a distinctive feature of several types of tumors, including colorectal cancer. In this study, four colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116, HT29 and SW480) were cultured with or without glutamine. The growth and proliferation rate, colony-forming capacity, apoptosis, cell cycle, redox homeostasis and metabolomic analysis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. The results show that glutamine represents an important metabolite for cell growth and that its deprivation reduces the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Glutamine depletion induces cell death and cell cycle arrest in the GO/G1 phase by modulating energy metabolism, the amino acid content and antioxidant defenses. Moreover, the combined glutamine starvation with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect. This study offers a strong rationale for targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with glucose metabolism to achieve a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of colon cancer
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