An overview about the impacts of agricultural practices on grape nitrogen composition: Current research approaches

Nitrogen is a structural component of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, hormones and amino acids. The last one and ammonium are important primary metabolites in grapes and are key compounds in winemaking since they are primary sources for yeast fermentation. Currently, grape quality has been affected due to the negative impacts of global warming and anthropogenic activity. Certain studies have reported a significant decrease in the free amino acids content and an increase in berry soluble solids and in proline biosynthesis in grapes in some grapevine varieties cultivated under warm climate conditions and water restriction. Proline is not metabolized by yeasts and stuck and sluggish fermentations can occur when the content of yeast assimilable nitrogen is low. Nitrogen composition of grape is mainly affected by variety, edaphoclimatic conditions of the vineyard and agricultural practices performed to the grapevines. This review summarized the most current research carried out to modify the nitrogen composition of the grape and give an overview of the technical and scientific aspects that should be considered for future research in this field.Peer reviewe

Methyl Jasmonate Applications in Viticulture: A Tool to Increase the Content of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grapes and Wines

Recently, the interest in methyl jasmonate (MeJ) has increased in viticulture due to its effects on the synthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites in grapes, especially of anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes derivatives, naturally occurring or synthesized, in berries in response to MeJ application to grapevines. These metabolites help to define sensory characteristics of wines by contributing to their color, flavor and mouthfeel properties, and to derive potential beneficial health effects due to their consumption. This review offers an overview of the importance of these phenolic compounds in grape and wine quality, in association with the MeJ supplementation to grapevines, and also considers their natural biosynthesis in grapes. On the other hand, this review describes the adaptation mechanisms induced after the grapevine elicitation. In addition, this report addresses the effects of MeJ over other aspects of Vitis immunity and its association with phenolic compounds and summarizes the recently published reports about the effects of exogenous MeJ applications to grapevines on grape and wine quality

Aislamiento y caracterización del gen Os07g0511100 de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) que codifica para un precursor de una proteína rica en glicina

67 p.Las GRPs (Gycine Rich Proteins) corresponden a una superfamilia que poseen diversas funciones biológicas y se encuentran agrupadas en diversos grupos. Varios estudios vinculan a las GRPs en el desarrollo y crecimiento de las plantas como también en la respuesta al estrés abiótico, por ejemplo la salinidad. Muchas especies agrícolas son glicófitas, donde bajas concentraciones de NaCl afectan su rendimiento, por ejemplo el arroz (Oryza sativa L.). El gen OsGRPP (Glycine Rich Protein Precursor) de arroz codifica para una proteína de tipo estructural (clase I y II), el cual es fuertemente inducido por la expresión heteróloga del gen HvASR5 de cebada en el cultivar de arroz Tainung 67 (TNG67). El objetivo de este trabajo se centró en caracterizar a OsGRPP, utilizando la planta modelo Arabidopsis thaliana donde se llevó a cabo la expresión constitutiva de OsGRPP. Las líneas sobreexpresoras de OsGRPP mostraron un fenotipo más precoz que fue evaluado a través de la aparición de hojas, área foliar, diámetro de la roseta y días a emisión del escapo floral. Las líneas transgénicas también mostraron mayor vigor, el cual fue evaluado a través del peso seco. La tolerancia al estrés salino fue evaluada en plántulas a través del largo de raíz y peso fresco. Las líneas transgénicas mostraron mayor crecimiento de la raíz que las plantas silvestres a una concentración de 75 mM de NaCl. El peso fresco no varió significativamente, sin embargo se observa un leve aumento en las líneas transgénicas a 75 mM de NaCl y una disminución en las líneas silvestres. En consecuencia estos resultados sugieren que la expresión de OsGRPP en Arabidopsis thaliana, contribuye a aumentar la tolerancia al estrés salino. Además, debido al fenotipo de precocidad reproductiva y de mayor desarrollo vegetativo exhibido por las plantas transgénicas hacen de este gen una interesante alternativa para su utilización, dato que si tiene una implicancia en programas de mejoramiento genético en especies de importancia agronómica./ ABSTRACT: The Glycine Rich Proteins (GRPs) correspond to a superfamily that has various biological functions and are grouped into different groups. Several studies link GRPs in the development and growth of plants also in the response to abiotic stress, for example salinity. Many agricultural species, for example, rice (Oryza sativa L.). The OsGRPP (glycine-rich protein precursor) gene of rice encoded for a structural type protein (class I and II), which is strongly induced by the heterologous expression of the barley HvASR5 gene in the rice cultivar Tainung 67 (TNG67 ). The objective of this work is to focus on characterizing an OsGRPP, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana where the constitutive expression of OsGRPP was carried out. The Overexpressor lines of OsGRPP showed a more early phenotype that was evaluated through the appearance of leaves, leaf area, diameter of the rose and days to emission of the floral scape. The transgenic lines also achieved greater vigor, which was evaluated through dry weight. Tolerance to salt stress was evaluated in seedlings through root length and fresh weight. The transgenic lines achieved greater root growth than wild plants at a concentration of 75 mM NaCl. The fresh weight did not vary significantly, however a slight increase was observed in the transgenic lines at 75 mM NaCl and a decrease in the wild lines. Consequently, these results include the expression of OsGRPP in Arabidopsis thaliana, contributing to increase tolerance to salt stress. In addition, due to the phenotype of reproductive precocity and greater vegetative development exhibited by transgenic plants, an alternative is needed for its use, which has an implication in the breeding programs in species of agronomic importance

Additional file 2 of Iron Induces Resistance Against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Through Potentiation of Immune Responses

1 table.Additional file 2: Table S1. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of High-Fe plants relative to Control plants identified by RNASeq analysis (no infection conditions).Peer reviewe

Additional file 6 of Iron Induces Resistance Against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Through Potentiation of Immune Responses

1 table.Additional file 6: Table S5. Expression data (FPKM and Log2FC) of genes involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexins and sakuranetin in leaves of Control and High-Fe plants (M. oryzae-infected and mock-inoculated plants).Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Peer reviewe

Iron treatment induces resistance against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae through potentiation of immune responses [Dataset]

Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq data of rice plants treated either with an control Fe or high Fe nutrient solution and infected or not with Magnaporthe oryza. -- Organism: Oryza sativa. -- Experiment type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.Resources available on the publisher's site: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE202997To investigate the role of iron excess in rice immune responses to Magnaporthe oryzae infection. Gene expression profiling analysis were performed using data obtained from RNA-seq of rice plants grown in differential iron supply and challenged with Magnaporthe oryzae spores.Peer reviewe

Additional file 5 of Iron Induces Resistance Against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Through Potentiation of Immune Responses

1 table.Additional file 5: Table S4. Expression data of defense-related genes in leaves of Control and High-Fe plants during M. oryzae infection (48 hpi).Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Peer reviewe

Additional file 7 of Iron Induces Resistance Against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Through Potentiation of Immune Responses

1 table.Additional file 7: Table S6. Expression data (FPKM and Log2FC) of genes involved in Fe homeostasis in leaves of Control and High-Fe plants (M. oryzae-infected and mock-inoculated plants).Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Peer reviewe

Additional file 8 of Iron Induces Resistance Against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Through Potentiation of Immune Responses

1 table.Additional file 8: Table S7. Statistics for RNAseq analysis of leaves from Control and High-Fe plants, mock-inoculated and M. oryzae-inoculated (48 hpi).Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Peer reviewe

Additional file 3 of Iron Induces Resistance Against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Through Potentiation of Immune Responses

1 table.Additional file 3: Table S2. List of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of High-Fe (S2a) and Control (S2b) plants at 48 hpi with M. oryzae spores, relative to the corresponding mock-inoculated plants.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Peer reviewe