Innovation, R&D Investment and Productivity in Chile

This paper uses two sources of information and different methodologies to analyze the causal effect of product and process innovation on productivity in the Chilean manufacturing industry during the past decade. In general, the evidence suggests there is not a contemporaneous effect of product innovation on productivity, but there is a positive effect of process innovation. This notsignificant effect of product innovation contrasts with evidence of studies for other countries. However, the results show the presence of lagged effects product innovation on productivity two years after innovation. Compared with the case of developed countries, this evidence might be consistent with a very slow process of “learning by doing” on the part of Chilean firms with regard to mastering new technologies. These slow and frequently uncertain gains in productivity could help to explain the low levels of investment in research and development (R&D) activities by Chilean firms.Productivity, Innovation, Investment, Research and development, Chile

Horváth, Ödön von. Juventud sin Dios.

Sin resume

STATE INTERVENTIONISM IN THE LATE CLASSIC MAYA PALENQUE POLITY: HOUSEHOLD AND COMMUNITY ARCHAEOLOGY AT EL LACANDON

Archaeological materials from seven excavated households (three commoner, three elite and a super-elite) from El Lacandón, a rural settlement of the Ancient Maya Palenque polity in Chiapas, Mexico; are analyzed to examine how households and communities were articulated and later affected by incorporation into larger sociopolitical entities. The study spans El Lacandón’s foundation in the Late Preclassic period (300 B.C. -A.D. 150), its abandonment as part of its assimilation into the Palenque polity at the beginning of the Classic period (ca. A.D. 150), and its re-foundation as a 2nd level community in the political hierarchy of the Palenque polity at the end of the Late Classic (A.D. 750-850). Economic analyses consider patterns of production and consumption. Obsidian blade manufacturing was organized as a household-level production in both periods, and it was not attached to elite interests during the Late Preclassic, with households of both statuses engaged in paper production, woodworking and paper/cloth imprintings. The pattern changes during the Late Classic, with manufacturing activities restricted to elite households. In terms of consumption, obsidian was available in similar quantities to all households during the Late Preclassic, and became more abundant in elite households during the Late Classic. Ideological patterns of the Late Classic period show that the super-elite household was clearly linked to Palenque’s great tradition expressed in burial practices, according to body position and head orientation. Local elite burials practices were more diverse, which was possibly related to a local little tradition. El Lacandón’s abandonment at the end of the Late Preclassic coincides with the growth of Palenque as a political capital, a pattern frequently observed in cases where rural population moved to growing political capitals. Sociopolitical patterns during the Late Classic were examined by a comparison of civic precinct planning and the differential distribution of elite and commoner households in the districts of the Palenque polity. The analysis concluded that provincial elites exercised less power than the elite of the capital, but were able to negotiate a local identity expressed in Palenque-related elements and also elements of other polities

Desempeño empresarial durante el proceso de estabilización

El presente estudio discute la microeconomía de la estabilización y del proceso de reformas, aunque sin perder la perspectiva del entorno macroeconómico. De esta manera, se ha tratado de comparar el comportamiento de las empresas, tanto en términos inter e intrasectoriales como a través del tiempo. Se presenta la descripción y el análisis de la trayectoria seguida por cada una de las razones financieras agregadas sectorialmente. Además, se discuten las relaciones entre algunos indicadores, en la medida que sean pertinentes para la demostración de algunas hipótesis. Finalmente se estudia cada sector de manera más detallada. Ello es posible a través de su desagregación entre los diversos grupos de empresas que los componen. Se trata, pues, de identificar los subsectores líderes y los más perjudicados, así como indagar respecto a comportamientos extraños o atípicos al interior de cada gran sector

Novalis, Die Christenheit oder Europa. Una lectura a la altura del tiempo

Die Christenheit oder Europa(1799) is a fundamental document in German Romanticism, a provocative essay in which Novalis calls for the restoration of a mystical Europe. The aim of this article is firstly to review the obscurantist legend that has dogged Novalis’ minor work since its origins, before embarking on a new reading of it and attempting to measure the objective importance of its propositions for the present.  Die Christenheit oder Europa(1799) es un documento fundacional del Romanticismo alemán, un provocador ensayo en el que Novalis desea la restauración de una Europa mística. El objeto del presente artículo será, en primer lugar, revisar la leyenda oscurantista que arrastra desde sus orígenes el opúsculo de Novalis, para, a continuación, emprender una nueva lectura del mismo intentando medir la importancia objetiva de sus propuestas en el presente. 

Aproximación a un análisis pragmático del refrán: dimensión argumentativa

El artículo muestra un acercamiento al análisis pragmático del refrán. Describe algunos rasgos de este tipo de paremia que pueden catalogarse como pertenecientes al discurso argumentativo y que pueden aplicarse didácticamente en la clase de Lengua Castellana y Literatura. En la primera parte, introduce un breve análisis del refrán inscrito en una teoría de los actos de habla; en la segunda parte, propone algunas actividades que asumen el refrán como pretexto para el desarrollo de procesos de argumentación en los estudiantes de Lengua Castellana y Literatura.This article shows an approach to the pragmatic analysis of the proverb. It describes some aspects of this kind of saying that can be considered as part of the argumentative discourse and that might been used didactically in the Spanish class and literature. In the first part, it introduces a brief analysis of the proverb circumscribed in a speech acts theory; in the second part, it proposes some activities which assume the proverb as an excuse for the development of argumentation processes of the Spanish language and literature students

Teorías o modelos de producción de textos en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la escritura

Este artículo presenta las teorías o modelos de escritura predominantes en la investigación educativa sobre comprensión y producción de textos. La mayoría de los modelos destaca, en mayor o menor grado, los factores culturales, sociales, afectivos, cognitivos, metacognitivos, discursivos, pragmáticos, entre otros, que intervienen en el proceso de producción textual. Este trabajo recoge y analiza los anteriores aspectos en función del diseño y aplicación de estrategias didácticas que contribuyan a favorecer la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la escritura como proceso y como producto.Some predominant writing theories in the area of educational research about text comprehension and production are presented in this article. Most of these theories emphasize cultural, social, affective, cognitive, metacognitive, discourse, and pragmatic factors that intervene in the process of discourse production. In this article we analyze the previous in relation to the design and applications of some teaching strategies which contribute to improve the teaching and learning of writing both as a process and a product