Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion

Summary: Mandibular cross-sectional deficiency is a dentofacial defect in connection with the narrowing of the mandibular arch width. This abnormality is a significant etiopathogenic factor and it is often associated with nasal breathing difficulties. This atresia may be treated through Rapid Maxillary Expansion or Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion, depending on the patient’s age. Both procedures will change the craniofacial structure, especially the nasal cavity. Aim: Based on literature review, the purpose of this paper was to report the relationship among maxillary expansion, nasal cavity and Nasal Airflow Resistance. Method: A non-systematic literary review was conducted in search of experimental studies to treat maxillary atresia. Papers considering Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion were included, whereas those using Maxillary Expansion through Segmented Osteotomy were excluded. Result: Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion cause dentofacial changes, especially in the nasal cavity. Consequently, the nose width enlarges, reducing Nasal Airflow Resistance. Conclusion: Anteroposterior cephalometric studies show evidence of an enlarged nasal cavity following maxillary expansion. Keywords: nasal cavity, cephalometry, maxilla, palatal expansion techniqu

Proton-pyrophosphatase and polyphosphate in acidocalcisome-like vesicles from oocytes and eggs of periplaneta americana

9 p. : il.Acidocalcisomes are acidic organelles containing large amounts of polyphosphate (poly P), a number of cations, and a variety of cation pumps in their limiting membrane. The vacuolar proton-pyrophosphatase (V-Hþ-PPase), a unique electrogenic proton-pump that couples pyrophosphate (PPi) hydrolysis to the active transport of protons across membranes, is commonly present in membranes of acidocalcisomes. In the course of insect oogenesis, a large amount of yolk protein is incorporated by the oocytes and stored in organelles called yolk granules (YGs). During embryogenesis, the content of these granules is degraded by acid hydrolases. These enzymes are activated by the acidification of the YG by a mechanism that is mediated by proton-pumps present in their membranes. In this work, we describe an Hþ-PPase activity in membrane fractions of oocytes and eggs of the domestic cockroach Periplaneta americana. The enzyme activity was optimum at pH around 7.0, and was dependent on Mg2þ and inhibited by NaF, as well as by IDP and Ca2þ. Immunolocalization of the yolk preparation using antibodies against a conserved sequence of V-Hþ-PPases showed labeling of small vesicles, which also showed the presence of high concentrations of phosphorus, calcium and other elements, as revealed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. In addition, poly P content was detected in ovaries and eggs and localized inside the yolk granules and the small vesicles. Altogether, our results provide evidence that numerous small vesicles of the eggs of P. americana present acidocalcisome-like characteristics. In addition, the possible role of these organelles during embryogenesis of this insect is discussed

Clinical characteristics of distal gastric cancer in young adults from Northeastern Brazil

Abstract Background It has been suggested that distal gastric carcinoma (GC) in younger patients has a more aggressive outcome than in older patients, however this is a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to compare clinicopathological features between younger and older patients with GC in Northeastern Brazil. Methods A total of 207 patients with distal GC (41 patients ≤45 years, considered younger group, and 166 > 45 years, considered older group) were evaluated prospectively during a 6 year period. Results The mean patient age in the young group was 37.41 years old and 64.43 years in the older group. No significant difference was found regarding gender, area of residence, history of alcohol consumption, chronic tobacco smoking. Prevalence of first-degree GC history was 12.5% (7.3% in younger group vs. 13.9% in older; p <  0.46). The most frequent symptom was gastric pain and weight loss. Diffuse infiltrative cancer was more frequently seen in younger patients (70.70% vs. 33.70%, respectively; p <  0.01), as was histologically less differentiated tumors (63.40% vs. 33.10%; p <  0.01) and stage IV of GC (48.80% vs. 30.70%; p <  0.015). Five-year survival, evaluated in 82 patients, was lower in younger patients (p = 0.045); however, after adjusting for stage of GC in the multivariate analysis, this association did not remain significant. Family history of GC and gender had no impact on survival. Conclusions Younger patients showed higher prevalence of diffuse type of Lauren and lower survival that was attributed to higher rate of advanced stage of GC. Gastric cancer screening strategies should also be considered in younger individuals, especially in areas of high prevalence. Further studies are warranted to determine risk factors associated with gastric cancer in young adults

Triagem auditiva neonatal: incidência de deficiência auditiva neonatal sob a perspectiva da nova legislação paulista Neonatal auditory screening: the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment in the context of the new São Paulo legislation

OBJETIVOS: identificar a incidência de recém-nascidos com deficiência auditiva, em maternidade particular da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte transversal, realizado no período de 2004 a 2008, em maternidade localizada na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo, com 20.615 recém-nascidos de ambos os sexos, sem indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva e submetidos à triagem auditiva neonatal. O teste foi realizado por intermédio das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOAET). Os pacientes que falharam nas EOAET nas duas fases foram encaminhados para a realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo do Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) para a confirmação da deficiência auditiva neonatal. Empregou-se o Teste Exato de Fischer e o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05 oup<0,05. RESULTADOS: a incidência de deficiência auditiva neonatal encontrada neste estudo foi de 1,2/1000. CONCLUSÃO: a legislação estadual permite que a triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN) seja mais efetiva na detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva neonatal. A TAN evita prejuízos tanto no desenvolvimento oral quanto da linguagem no contexto social, profissional e educacional.<br>OBJECTIVES: to determine the incidence of hearing impairment in newborns, at a private maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: a cross-sectional cohort study was carried out covering the period between 2004 and 2008, at a maternity hospital located in the southern zone of the city of São Paulo, including 20,615 newborns of both sexes, with no risk factors for hearing impairment and who had undergone neonatal auditory screening. The test was carried out using the Evoked Transient Otoacoustic Emissions test. Patients who failed both phases of this test were referred to do a Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential test to confirm the presence of neonatal auditory deficiency. Fischer 's exact test was used with a level of significance of 0.05 orp<0.05. RESULTS: the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment found in this study was 1.2/1000. CONCLUSION: state legislation allows neonatal auditory screening to be more effective in achieving early detection of neonatal hearing impairment. Neonatal auditory screening prevents future impairment of oral development and language acquisition in a social, professional and educational context

Duration of post-vaccination immunity against yellow fever in adults

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-06-22T17:37:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_152.pdf: 756403 bytes, checksum: c18d98237e29e19e785cf895a2a68ddc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-06-22T17:37:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_152.pdf: 756403 bytes, checksum: c18d98237e29e19e785cf895a2a68ddc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-06-22T17:58:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_152.pdf: 756403 bytes, checksum: c18d98237e29e19e785cf895a2a68ddc (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-22T17:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_152.pdf: 756403 bytes, checksum: c18d98237e29e19e785cf895a2a68ddc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Brasilia, DF, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicosde Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Imunopatologia .Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFood and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Bethesda, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratorio de Fla-vivirus. Rio de JaneiroFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratorio de Fla-vivirus. Rio de JaneiroFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratorio de Fla-vivirus. Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInstituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilMinas Gerais. Secretaria Estadual de Saude. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilMinas Gerais. Secretaria Estadual de Saude. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilMinas Gerais. Secretaria Estadual de Saude. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilMinas Gerais. Secretaria Estadual de Saude. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Alfenas. Alfenas, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Medicina. Brasilia, DF, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilINTRODUCTION: Available scientific evidence to recommend or to advise against booster doses of yellow fever vaccine (YFV) is inconclusive. A study to estimate the seropositivity rate and geometric mean titres (GMT) of adults with varied times of vaccination was aimed to provide elements to revise the need and the timing of revaccination. METHODS: Adults from the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Alfenas located in non-endemic areas in the Southeast of Brazil, who had one dose of YFV, were tested for YF neutralising antibodies and dengue IgG. Time (in years) since vaccination was based on immunisation cards and other reliable records. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2012 we recruited 691 subjects (73% males), aged 18-83 years. Time since vaccination ranged from 30 days to 18 years. Seropositivity rates (95%C.I.) and GMT (International Units/mL; 95%C.I.) decreased with time since vaccination: 93% (88-96%), 8.8 (7.0-10.9) IU/mL for newly vaccinated; 94% (88-97), 3.0 (2.5-3.6) IU/mL after 1-4 years; 83% (74-90), 2.2 (1.7-2.8) IU/mL after 5-9 years; 76% (68-83), 1.7 (1.4-2.0) IU/mL after 10-11 years; and 85% (80-90), 2.1 (1.7-2.5) IU/mL after 12 years or more. YF seropositivity rates were not affected by previous dengue infection. CONCLUSIONS:Eventhough serological correlates of protection for yellow fever are unknown, seronegativity in vaccinated subjects may indicate primary immunisation failure, or waning of immunity to levels below the protection threshold. Immunogenicity of YFV under routine conditions of immunisation services is likely to be lower than in controlled studies. Moreover, infants and toddlers, who comprise the main target group in YF endemic regions, and populations with high HIV infection rates, respond to YFV with lower antibody levels. In those settings one booster dose, preferably sooner than currently recommended, seems to be necessary to ensure longer protection for all vaccinee