The marine and Coastal area act 2011

The passing of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act (“MCAA”) by Parliament on 24 March 2011 established a new regime for recognition of customary rights and title over the foreshore and seabed. This article provides some comparison of the MCAA with its predecessor, the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 . The principal intention of the article, however, is to describe and comment on the key components of the new legislation, particularly those that effect decision making under the Resource Management Act 1991

Privileged Killers, Privileged Deaths: German Culture and Aviation in the First World War: 1909-1925

This dissertation examines aviation’s influence on German cultural and social history between 1908 and 1925. Before the First World War, aviation embodied one of many new features of a rapidly modernizing Germany. In response, Germans viewed flight as either a potentially transformative tool or a possible weapon of war. The outbreak of war in 1914 moved aviation away from its promised potential to its lived reality. In doing so, the airplane became a machine which compressed time and space, reordered the spatial arrangement of the battlefield, and transformed the human relationship with killing. Germany’s fliers initially served as observers, noting troop positions in the war’s opening weeks. As the Western Front transformed into static trench warfare, flight, in concert with photography, became a method of gathering intelligence. The camera also shaped the identity and iconography of the aviator both in public and in private photographs. Aviation created a privileged space for combat pilots to engage with, or ignore, the consequences of killing as aerial violence became commonplace. Killing, death, and superstition in the air were repackaged with older cultural tropes to render new violence knowable. The German general staff too, became increasingly obsessed with killing in the air, and this fascination fed a new system for understanding the air war. Germany’s regional divisions were also reflected in aviation and directly influenced both the composition of its air service and the machines issued to its pilots. Aviators were again privileged in their use of cultural markers to signpost individual, local, and national identities. The end of the war, however, shattered previous perceptions of war time, and left living aviators to struggle to make sense of a new present, while the nation’s lost fliers were repurposed for contradictory social and political ends

Health transition research in the control of morbidity and mortality from acute respiratory infection.

The essence of health transition research is its multidisciplinary character and openness to broad theory. Theories of health transition provide the context in which classic epidemiological studies can, most effectively, contribute to population health improvement. Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity in all countries, and a major cause of premature death in countries where mortality is high. The international ARI control program in childhood sponsored by the World Health Organization is built on conventional biomedical foundations. Health systems in Australia and Pakistan continue to be driven by this conventional model which has contributed to changes in mortality but probably not exclusively. A health transition approach forces us to step back, and place the gains of the biomedical model in a social and historical perspective. Using that perspective to move public health policy forward in the modern nation state requires adventurous lateral thinking. We review here the problem of acute respiratory infections in Australian and Pakistani children. In Australia, we focus on the large differences in respiratory infection severity and outcomes between Aboriginal children and Caucasians. We also draw attention to our current ignorance on what differentiates children who are prone to respiratory infections from those who are not. In Pakistan, we highlight the problem of refocusing a health care system that is already seriously underfunded for the biomedical task. A major challenge for social scientists is to become involved more directly in the medical care system and devise health care interventions that can address social inequities, and can provide a better integration between social and biomedical views of the world

Facilitation of student-staff partnership in development of digital learning tools through a special study module

A student-staff partnership was formed as part of a final year special study module to provide dental students the opportunity to work closely with faculty to produce high-quality e-learning resources in areas of the curriculum identified by the students as particularly difficult. The student-staff team identified the following themes as major influences on the success of the project: student-staff interaction, ownership, managing expectations, time pressures, and co-creation partnership benefits. This partnership resulted in a valuable learning experience for both the students and staff involved. The resource developed was evaluated by junior dental students in second and third year of the five year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree programme at Glasgow Dental School and showed a high degree of acceptability by those in both groups. The quality assurance built into the process has resulted in an e-learning resource that has been incorporated directly into our flipped classroom model for pre-clinical skills teaching

Student Partnership in E-learning: the Development of Online Resources for Students by Students in Dentistry

Dentistry is a dynamic and ever changing specialty that has been strongly influenced by developments in technology and therefore our teaching strategies must evolve to keep pace with these changes. E-learning has become an integral part of the dental curriculum, with a marked increase in use over recent years. However dental students have up until now been the recipients rather than active participants in the development of dental e-learning resources. Bovill et al (2011) conclude that it is incumbent upon us to reconsider students' roles in their education and reposition students to take a more active part - as co- creators of teaching approaches, course design and curricula. In this paper the presenters will outline the design and product of a self- selected study module (SSM) offered to year five dental students in e-learning. The SSM offers the opportunity for students to work as small teams with the school learning technologist and academic staff to identify, design, develop and evaluate quality-assured e-learning objects. Each group (n=2) with the guidance and quality assurance of academic staff will create a resource that can be integrated within the current University of Glasgow BDS curriculum for future years. It will become a useful revision resource that will supplement the learning and teaching received elsewhere within the course and will be accessible to all dental students in Scotland via the Scottish Dental Education Online (SDEO) programme. The SSM provides the opportunity of student participation in learning with technology and designing aspects of the curriculum, and aligns with the University's Learning and Teaching strategic objective of building staff-student partnerships to promote student engagement with learning

Haemolytic activity of Escherichia coli

Production of large amounts of high titre E. coli haemolysin has been achieved in a chemically-defined medium and in a glucose-nutrient broth medium. In chemically-defined medium, only cell-associated, (3-haemolysin was produced; in nutrient broth both extracellular a-haemolysin and p-haemolysin were found and, maximum yields of a-haemolysin were obtained within 2 hr after inoculation of cultures. More a-haemolysin was produced when large initial inocula were used but, loss of haemolytic activity occurred rapidly after maximum levels were reached. Evidence is presented which suggests that a-haemolysin is a "released" form of p-haemolysin. Large molecular weight proteins, contained in nutrient broth, enhanced levels of a-haemolysin without affecting growth; both forms of haemolysin required calcium ions for activity, were inhibited by incubation with trypsin and were not affected by thiomersalate (in the case of p-haemolysin inhibition of haemolysis by thiomersalate was not observed after haemolytic E, coli cells had adsorbed to sheep erythrocytes). Highly purified a-haeraolysin was obtained by precipitation methods using 50% (w/v) ammoniun sulphate (stage l), and dialysis against 0.005M acetate buffer, pH 4.6 (stage II), and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 at pH 7.5 an eluant buffer containing 0.01M Tris, 0.1M NaCl and 5% (w/v) glycerol (stage III). No loss of haemolytic activity was observed following dialysis at any stage in the purification. Other purification procedures, such as electrofocusing, proved of little practical value. Using the above procedures, J6% of the total activity contained in crude culture filtrates was recovered and a 4000-fold increase in specific activity was achieved. This degree of purification has not previously been reported for E. coli haemolysin. D-urine precipitation procedures, activation of haemolytic activity occurred. Furthermore, in eluant buffer containing: glycerol, the haemolysin was eluted from Sephadex G-200 near the void volume as two closely associated, but distinct peaks of activity. Several techniques were employed to estimate the molecular weight of a-haemolysin. Diffusion coefficient analysis (D20 = 2.4 x 10