The baboon endogenous virus genome. II. Provirus sequence variations in baboon cell DNA

Restriction analysis of the approximately 100 integrated baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) proviruses in baboon cells and tissues has revealed two major sequence variations, both in the gag gene region of the genome. One, a 150 nucleotide pair insert, is present in a small proportion of the proviral DNAs of some baboons, but is present in the majority of the proviral DNAs of other baboons. The second, a Bam HI recognition sequence located 2.25 kb from the proviral 5' end, is missing or modified in approximately one-half of the integrated genomes. We consider the possibility that accumulation of proviruses not containing the 0.15 kb insert is correlated with viral activation and expression since it is this form that is a replication intermediate in freshly infected permissive cells. It is evident from these initial studies that the organization of the multiple BaEV proviruses in baboon DNA has undergone modification during evolution

Baboon endogenous virus genome: Molecular cloning and structural characterization of nondefective viral genomes from DNA of a baboon cell strain

Several heterogeneities in the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) genomes that are present in the DNA of normal baboon tissues and the baboon cell strain BEF-3 have been described previously. To study these genomes, we cloned BaEV proviruses from BEF-3 cellular DNA into the vector Charon 4A. Of the four full-length clones isolated, one was nondefective as determined by transfection. The sequence of a portion of this clone was found to code for amino acids 61-91 in the p30 region of the gag gene. This identification allowed us to align the restriction map with the BaEV genetic map. One heterogeneity, a BamHI site 2.4 kilobases (kb) from the proviral 5' end, was located close to the gag-pol junction; another, a BamHI site 1.4 kb from the 5' end of the genome, corresponded to the gag p30 coding sequence for amino acids 32-34; and a third, a Xho I site, was near the 3' end of the pol gene. To select the nondefective BaEV genomes from BEF-3 cells, we infected permissive cells with virus produced by BEF-3 cells and also transfected BEF-3 cellular DNA into permissive cells. The BaEV genomes in the permissive recipient cultures were then analyzed by restriction enzyme analysis. These nondefective genomes were found to be heterogeneous with respect to the gag-pol BamHI site and the Xho I site, but all were found to contain the BamHI site 1.4 kb from the 5' end of the genome

The functional central limit theorem and weak convergence to stochastic integrals II: fractionally integrated processes

Pre-print; verson dated May 1999. Addendum clarifies the proof of Theorem 3.1.This paper derives a functional central limit theorem for the partial sums of fractionally integrated processes, otherwise known as I(d) processes for |d| < 1/2. Such processes have long memory, and the limit distribution is the so-called fractional Brownian motion, having correlated increments even asymptotically. The underlying shock variables may themselves exhibit quite general weak dependence by being near-epoch-dependent functions of mixing processes. Several weak convergence results for stochastic integrals having fractional integrands and weakly dependent integrators are also obtained. Taken together, these results permit I(p + d) integrands for any integer p [greater-than-or-equal] 1

Session B3: Replacement Turbine Design for Improved Fish Passage at Ice Harbor

Abstract: In the summer of 2014, an extensive hydraulic development was completed for replacement fixed and adjustable blade turbines for the US Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) Ice Harbor Lock and Dam. During the hydraulic design phase, fish passage considerations made up the primary evaluation criteria, including minimum pressures, shear, flow quality, and blade strike. Expected fish passage characteristics for each set of proposed geometries were evaluated using both Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) calculations and physical model testing. Turbine performance characteristics, such as power and efficiency, were also considered as secondary evaluation criteria. For both machine types, several design and test loops were completed. At the end of each iteration, the design team, consisting of engineers and biologists from the USACE, Voith Hydro, and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), evaluated the results and identified aspects of the fish passage environment that could be improved. As the design process neared completion, final improvements to the overall fish passage environment involved making compromises between the individual design criteria. The current paper presents computational and model test results to illustrate the detailed design and evaluation process, including the trade-offs that were made leading up to the selection of the final prototype fixed blade turbine geometry. Comparison of the fish passage evaluations for the fixed blade solution with those of the existing Ice Harbor Kaplan geometry shows significant potential for fish passage improvement

Baboon endogenous virus genome. I. Restriction enzyme map of the unintegrated DNA genome of a primate retrovirus

A detailed restriction map was deduced for the genome of an endogenous retrovirus of a higher primate, that of baboon. The cleavage sites for 12 restriction enzymes were mapped. The unintegrated linear viral DNA intermediate that is produced by infection of permissive cells with baboon endogenous virus was isolated. Hybridization with a strong-stop complementary DNA probe demonstrated presence of a terminal repetition in the linear viral DNA. The positions of restriction sites for two particular enzymes, SmaI and XhoI, near each end were consistent with this result and indicated that the length of the repetition is 0.55 +/- 0.01 kilobase. The linear viral DNA had a unique restriction map indicating that it is not a set of random circular permutations of the RNA genome. From hybridization with a 3'-specific probe, the DNA restriction map was aligned relative to the 5'-to-3' orientation of the viral RNA. We observed a minor heterogeneity in a BamHI recognition site 1.95 kilobases from the right end of the linear map

Limited effectiveness of high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian population with high HIV prevalence.

Due to unacceptably high mortality with pentavalent antimonials, Médecins Sans Frontières in 2006 began using liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients in Ethiopia who were severely ill or positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Geochemical assessment of the degree of isolation of edge-of-aquifer groundwater along a fringe of the southern High Plains Aquifer, USA

© 2019, The Author(s). The edge of regional aquifers can be complex hydrodynamic systems with unique flow dynamics, water quality, and continuity relationships with the main aquifer system. A site near the southwestern margin of the High Plains Aquifer (USA) was investigated to characterize the local hydrogeology and its relationship with the regional aquifer system. Measurements of tritium, ion concentrations, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, and hydraulic heads documented (1) a discontinuous saturated zone, (2) no inflow to the study area from the regional aquifer, (3) focused recharge beneath playas with limited local mixing between pockets of saturation, (4) outflow orthogonal to the regional aquifer flow direction, (5) localized multi-year reversals in flow direction following high precipitation events, and (6) a magnified influence of the paleo-erosional surface of the basement rock (Dockum Group) on groundwater isolation and flow direction. In isolated areas, groundwater can be trapped on decadal time scales by depressions in the Dockum, or by recharge events that periodically reverse groundwater gradients

Caring for Others, but Not Themselves: Implications for Health Care Interventions in Women with Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the largest killer of women internationally and women often suffer inferior outcomes following an acute cardiac event as compared to men. A gendered approach to investigating cardiovascular disease in women incorporates the unique social, cultural, and economic circumstances that being a woman brings to the health encounter. The multiple roles enacted by many women may be important factors in this health discrepancy. In order to more fully understand the impact of the roles of women on health, a questionnaire was administered to participants of the Heart Awareness for Women group cardiac rehabilitation program which assessed women's role perceptions followed by discussions. We found that caregiving can be both positive and negative. It gives a sense of purpose, meaning, and community connection as well as burden and conflict. Emphasis must be placed on promoting strategies in women to achieve a balance between caregiving responsibilities and prioritisation of cardiovascular health

Metalliferous sediments and the scavenging residence time of Nd near hydrothermal vents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94674/1/grl5993.pd

Bose-Fermi mixtures in 1D optical superlattices

The zero temperature phase diagram of binary boson-fermion mixtures in two-colour superlattices is investigated. The eigenvalue problem associated with the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian is solved using an exact numerical diagonalization technique, supplemented by an adaptive basis truncation scheme. The physically motivated basis truncation allows to access larger systems in a fully controlled and very flexible framework. Several experimentally relevant observables, such as the matter-wave interference pattern and the condensatefraction, are investigated in order to explore the rich phase diagram. At symmetric half filling a phase similar to the Mott-insulating phase in a commensurate purely bosonic system is identified and an analogy to recent experiments is pointed out. Furthermore a phase of complete localization of the bosonic species generated by the repulsive boson-fermion interaction is identified. These localized condensates are of a different nature than the genuine Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure