A Study of Job Satisfaction Among High School Principals in Pennsylvania

The purpose of this study was to determine the overall job satisfaction of high school principals in Pennsylvania. The Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire long form was the instrument used for this study. The study used a proportional random sampling to survey the four hundred and twenty six high school principals in Pennsylvania. The study surveyed two hundred and twenty five male high school principals and eighty female high school principals. The study determined the level of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction and determined the relationship of selected factors of gender; age; ethnicity; levels of education; salary level; years of experience; number of assistant principals; years in current school district; school socio-economic level; and school size. This study explored the relationship between general job satisfaction and ten demographic variables. The study asked the question does the independent variable ( demographic variable) affect the levels of the dependent variable (general job satisfaction). Analysis of variance showed that only one demographic variable (age) had an effect on the general job satisfaction levels of high school principals. The mean score for the general job satisfaction scale is 79.8623 with a standard deviation of 9.4569. Using the normative data for employed non­-disab led the mean score of 79. 8623 falls between the 5 s and 60 111 percentile. This would indicate that as a group high school principals in Pennsylvania have an average level of general job satisfaction. The mean score for the intrinsic satisfaction scale is 50.0507 with a standard deviation of 5.5412. Using the normative data for engineers the mean score of 50.0507 falls between the 55 111 111 and 60 percentile. This would indicate that as a group high school principals in Pennsylvania have an average level of intrinsic satisfaction. The mean score for the extrinsic satisfaction scale is 21.7554 with a standard deviation of 4.3453. Using the normative data for engineers the mean score of 21.7554 falls between the 45 1h 111 and 55 percentile. This would indicate that as a group high school principals in Pennsylvania have an average level of extrinsic satisfaction. As a group, high school principals scored higher on the intrinsic scales

Capital Punishment Reforms in Illinois: Comparing the Views of Police, Prosecutors, and Public Defenders

On 9 March 2011, Governor Patrick Quinn abolished capital punishment in Illinois stating that the state’s system of imposing the death penalty was inherently flawed. Quinn’s announcement followed an eleven-year effort to end the death penalty that began with a 2000 moratorium on executions imposed by then Governor George Ryan. This moratorium was the direct result of the appellate reversal of a series of death-row convictions. Prompted by these reversals, Ryan also created the Governor’s Commission on Capital Punishment to study the use of the death penalty in Illinois. As a result of this effort, comprehensive legislation was enacted to reform the Illinois death penalty system, and the Capital Punishment Reform Study Committee was formed to gauge the implementation and impact of the reforms. Working with the Committee, the authors’ surveyed 413 Illinois police departments, 102 Illinois State’s Attorneys’ Offices, and all 99 Public Defender’s Offices in an effort to determine the extent to which criminal justice agencies had implemented the requirements of the capital punishment reform legislation, and whether there were any significant barriers to the implementation of the legislative requirements. This paper reports the results of this inquiry, and argues that capital punishment ended in Illinois because of the complexity of the death penalty and the perceived inability to devise a system free of racial, geographic, and economic bias and not the failure of the criminal justice community to implement the reforms recommended by the Governor’s Commission on Capital Punishment

Organizational Approaches to Drug Law Enforcement by Local Police Departments in the United States: Specialized Drug Units and Participation in Multi-Agency Drug Task Forces

This paper examines the factors associated with the decision of local police departments in the United States to operate specialized drug units or to participate in multi-jurisdictional drug task forces. Combining data from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) Survey, the 2000 Census, and the Uniform Crime Report, we use both bivariate and multivariate methods to conduct the analysis. The findings indicate that county-level agencies, those with other formalized drug control efforts, high levels of violent crime, high degrees of task specialization and formalization, and high proportions of the resident population accounted for by renters were more likely to operate drug units, participate in multi-agency drug task forces, and allocate more officers per capita to these efforts

Dense Quarks, and the Fermion Sign Problem, in a SU(N) Matrix Model

We study the effect of dense quarks in a SU(N) matrix model of deconfinement. For three or more colors, the quark contribution to the loop potential is complex. After adding the charge conjugate loop, the measure of the matrix integral is real, but not positive definite. In a matrix model, quarks act like a background Z(N) field; at nonzero density, the background field also has an imaginary part, proportional to the imaginary part of the loop. Consequently, while the expectation values of the loop and its complex conjugate are both real, they are not equal. These results suggest a possible approach to the fermion sign problem in lattice QCD.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Can Community Policing Increase Residents\u27 Informal Social Control? Testing the Impact of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy

This study examines whether community policing can build informal social control. Specifically, this paper assesses the impact of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) in Chicago neighborhoods. The data for this research are drawn from both the Community Survey of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) and the CAPS Prototype Panel Survey. Bivariate and multivariate methods are used to analyze data gathered from 8782 residents nested within 343 neighborhood clusters. Initially, community policing was found to increase informal social control, but this effect was rendered non-significant after controlling for theoretically and empirically relevant variables. Several social (dis)organization variables, as well as satisfaction with policing services, yielded significant effects in a multilevel regression model. Further analysis found that the community policing effect on informal social control was mediated through satisfaction with the police. These findings indicate indirect support for the ability of community policing to build informal social control and suggest that general satisfaction with the police is important to neighborhood crime control strategies

You Can’t Teach Speed: Sprinters Falsify the Deliberate Practice Model of Expertise

Many scientists agree that expertise requires both innate talent and proper training. Nevertheless, the highly influential deliberate practice model (DPM) of expertise holds that talent does not exist or makes a negligible contribution to performance. It predicts that initial performance will be unrelated to achieving expertise and that 10 years of deliberate practice is necessary.We tested these predictions in the domain of sprinting. In Studies 1 and 2 we reviewed biographies of 15 Olympic champions and the 20 fastest American men in U.S. history. In all documented cases, sprinters were exceptional prior to initiating training, and most reached world class status rapidly (Study 1 median = 3 years; Study 2 = 7.5). In Study 3 we surveyed U.S. national collegiate championships qualifiers in sprinters (n = 20) and throwers (n = 44). Sprinters recalled being faster as youths than did throwers, whereas throwers recalled greater strength and throwing ability. Sprinters’ best performances in their first season of high school, generally the onset of formal training, were consistently faster than 95–99% of their peers. Collectively, these results falsify the DPM for sprinting. Because speed is foundational for many sports, they challenge the DPM generally

Marshall University Department of Music presents the Marshall University Chamber Choir

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