Neotropical Monogenoidea. 3. Five new species from South America with the proposal of Tereancistrum gen. n. and Trinibaculum gen. n. (Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae)

Five new species of Monogenoidea (DactylogyridaeAncyrocephalinae) are described from the gills of freshwater fishes of South AmericaJainus amazonensis sp. n., Tereancistrum kerri gen. et sp. n., and Trlnibaculum braziliensis gen. et sp. n. (all) from Brycon melanopterus (Cope), Januacá Lake near Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; Tereancistrum ornatus sp. n. from Prochilodus reticulatus Steindachner, Rio Cauca, Juanchito, Cali, Valle, Colombia; and T. parvus sp. n. from Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch), Amazon River Basin. Two new genera are proposed. Tereancistrum gen. n. is characterized by having spathulate acessory anchor sclerites associated with the ventral anchors. Trinibaculum gen. n. is proposed for species with a single ventral bar, two widely separated dorsal bars, a dextroventral vagina, confluent intestinal crura, and intercecal gonads.Cinco novas espécies de Monogenoidea (Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae) foram descritas das brânquias de peixes de água doce da América do Sul: Jainus amazonensis, n. sp., Tereancistrum kerri, n. gen., n. sp., e Trinibaculum braziliensis, n. gen., n. sp. todas da matrinchã, Brycon melanopterus (Cope) do lago Januacá perto a Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Também Tereancistrum omatus, n. sp. de Prochilodus reticulatus Steindachner do rio Caucá, Juanchito, Cali, Valle, Colômbia, e T. parvus, n. sp. do aracu, Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch) da Amazônia. Dois novos gêneros foram propostos. Tereancistrum, n. gen. foi caracterizado por ter escleritos espatulados como acessórios associados com os ganchos grandes ventrais. Trinibaculum, n. gen. foi estabelecido para as espécies com uma única barra ventral, duas barras dorsais bem separadas, uma vagina dextroventral, os ramos intestinais unidos e gônadas intercecais

Advances in Electrical Neuroimaging, Brain Networks and Neurofeedback Protocols

Human EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) started in the 1940s using 1 EEG recording channel, then to 4 channels in the 1990s. New advancements in electrical neuroimaging expanded EEG biofeedback to 19 channels using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) three-dimensional current sources of the EEG. In 2004–2006 the concept of a “real-time” comparison of the EEG to a healthy reference database was developed and tested using surface EEG z-score neurofeedback based on a statistical bell curve called “real-time” z-scores. The “real-time” or “live” normative reference database comparison was developed to help reduce the uncertainty of what threshold to select to activate a feedback signal and to unify all EEG measures to a single value, i.e., the distance from the mean of an age matched reference sample. In 2009 LORETA z-score neurofeedback further increased the specificity by targeting brain network hubs referred to as Brodmann areas. A symptom check list program to help link symptoms to dysregulation of brain networks based on fMRI and PET and neurology was created in 2009. The symptom checklist and NIH based networks linking symptoms to brain networks grew out of the human brain mapping program starting in 1990 which is continuing today. A goal is to increase specificity of EEG biofeedback by targeting brain network hubs and connections between hubs likely linked to the patient’s symptoms. New advancements in electrical neuroimaging introduced in 2017 provide increased resolution of three-dimensional source localization with 12,700 voxels using swLORETA with the capacity to conduct cerebellar neurofeedback and neurofeedback of subcortical brain hubs such as the thalamus, amygdala and habenula. Future applications of swLORETA z-score neurofeedback represents another example of the transfer of knowledge gained by the human brain mapping initiatives to further aid in helping people with cognition problems as well as balance problems and parkinsonism. A brief review of the past, present and future predictions of z-score neurofeedback are discussed with special emphasis on new developments that point toward a bright and enlightened future in the field of EEG biofeedback

A Novel Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Role for Resolvin D1 in Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation

Introduction: Cigarette smoke is a profound pro-inflammatory stimulus that contributes to acute lung injuries and to chronic lung disease including COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis). Until recently, it was assumed that resolution of inflammation was a passive process that occurred once the inflammatory stimulus was removed. It is now recognized that resolution of inflammation is a bioactive process, mediated by specialized lipid mediators, and that normal homeostasis is maintained by a balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving pathways. These novel small lipid mediators, including the resolvins, protectins and maresins, are bioactive products mainly derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We hypothesize that resolvin D1 (RvD1) has potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects in a model of cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. Methods: Primary human lung fibroblasts, small airway epithelial cells and blood monocytes were treated with IL-1β or cigarette smoke extract in combination with RvD1 in vitro, production of pro-inflammatory mediators was measured. Mice were exposed to dilute mainstream cigarette smoke and treated with RvD1 either concurrently with smoke or after smoking cessation. The effects on lung inflammation and lung macrophage populations were assessed. Results: RvD1 suppressed production of pro-inflammatory mediators by primary human cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of mice with RvD1 concurrently with cigarette smoke exposure significantly reduced neutrophilic lung inflammation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. RvD1 promoted differentiation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages and neutrophil efferocytosis. RvD1 also accelerated the resolution of lung inflammation when given after the final smoke exposure. Conclusions: RvD1 has potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects in cells and mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Resolvins have strong potential as a novel therapeutic approach to resolve lung injury caused by smoke and pulmonary toxicants

Thermal Conductivity across the Phase Diagram of Cuprates: Low-Energy Quasiparticles and Doping Dependence of the Superconducting Gap

Heat transport in the cuprate superconductors YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{y}$ and La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ was measured at low temperatures as a function of doping. A residual linear term kappa_{0}/T is observed throughout the superconducting region and it decreases steadily as the Mott insulator is approached from the overdoped regime. The low-energy quasiparticle gap extracted from kappa_{0}/T is seen to scale closely with the pseudogap. The ubiquitous presence of nodes and the tracking of the pseudogap shows that the overall gap remains of the pure d-wave form throughout the phase diagram, which excludes the possibility of a complex component (ix) appearing at a putative quantum phase transition and argues against a non-superconducting origin to the pseudogap. A comparison with superfluid density measurements reveals that the quasiparticle effective charge is weakly dependent on doping and close to unity.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

The Victorian Newsletter (Fall 1970)

The Victorian Newsletter is edited for the English X Group of the Modern Language Association by William E. Buckler, New York University, New York, N.Y. 10003.Dickens' Portrait of the Artist / Edward Hurley -- Black and White Characters in Hard Times / Mary Rose Sullivan -- "All Her Perfections Tarnished": The Thematic Function of Esther Summerson / Mary Daehler Smith -- Another Look at Hardy's "Afterwards" / David S. Thatcher -- Meredith's Experiments with Ideas / J. Raban Bilder -- Huxley, Holmes, and the Scientist as Aesthete / Phyllis Rose -- Tory Noodles in Sydney Smith and Charles Dickens: An Unnoticed Parallel / Robert Simpson McLean -- Stanza Form in Meredith's Modern Love / Willie D. Reader -- Recent Publications: A Selected List / Arthur F. Minerof -- English X New

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