Reviews

Reviews of Employment Contracts: New Zealand Experiences, Workplace Industrial Relations: Australian Case Studies, Life and Death at Work: Industrial Accidents as a Case of Socially Produced Erro

Using feature-based product modelling to integrate design and rapid prototyping

Rapid prototyping (RP) provides a means of producing physical models directly from computer aided design (CAD) data. The aim of this research was to determine the most effective method of integrating RP into the design process. A review of the links between design and RP was undertaken. This revealed that RP is a technology which can benefit several key areas of engineering design. Many computer tools were identified which supported the designer's use of RP but most of these relied on using CAD geometry alone. Using this incomplete set of design information hindered the integration of RP into the design process. A hypothesis was formulated which stated that a feature-based product modelling methodology was needed to enable RP to become an integrated part of the design process. To demonstrate the validity of the methodology, it was embodied in a design support system (DSS) for rapid prototyping. The DSS requirements were determined through a survey of designers using RP, and a full specification for the system was defined. A demonstration version was implemented using a relational database coupled with a CAD system. The demonstration DSS enabled feature-based geometry and non-geometric information to be integrated within a single product model. An application program was developed which used the product model data to optimise the orientation of an RP model in order to meet the differing surface finish requirements for each feature in a component. This example use of the system illustrated the benefit of using a feature-based product model to optimise the designer's use of RP. Future work needed to improve the DSS to a state where it would be ready for development into a commercial package was identified. Finally, conclusions were drawn as to how all the objectives were met and summarising the original contribution to knowledge made by the research

Application of Additive Manufacturing to the Digital Restoration of Archaeological Artifacts

AbstractThis paper reports a substantial body of work that has been done in this area, which has been used to determine how Additive Manufacturing (AM) and subsequent processes should be optimally applied, and introduces a series of process maps that have been generated to guide future practical work with a combination of questionnaires and expert interviews for validating the process maps. The outputs from the research should prove to be valuable to anyone working in this field. The main contribution to knowledge is the characterisation of archaeological artefacts and the resultant process maps derived from this characterization

Using feature-based product modelling to integrate design and rapid prototyping

Rapid prototyping (RP) provides a means of producing physical models directly from computer aided design (CAD) data. The aim of this research was to determine the most effective method of integrating RP into the design process. A review of the links between design and RP was undertaken. This revealed that RP is a technology which can benefit several key areas of engineering design. Many computer tools were identified which supported the designer's use of RP but most of these relied on using CAD geometry alone. Using this incomplete set of design information hindered the integration of RP into the design process. A hypothesis was formulated which stated that a feature-based product modelling methodology was needed to enable RP to become an integrated part of the design process. To demonstrate the validity of the methodology, it was embodied in a design support system (DSS) for rapid prototyping. The DSS requirements were determined through a survey of designers using RP, and a full specification for the system was defined. A demonstration version was implemented using a relational database coupled with a CAD system. The demonstration DSS enabled feature-based geometry and non-geometric information to be integrated within a single product model. An application program was developed which used the product model data to optimise the orientation of an RP model in order to meet the differing surface finish requirements for each feature in a component. This example use of the system illustrated the benefit of using a feature-based product model to optimise the designer's use of RP. Future work needed to improve the DSS to a state where it would be ready for development into a commercial package was identified. Finally, conclusions were drawn as to how all the objectives were met and summarising the original contribution to knowledge made by the research

Pirro Ligorio and two <em>columna caelata </em>drawings at Windsor Castle

Sommarii:L'articolo mette insieme le evidenze grafiche e testuali di Pirro Ligorio e altri su un esempio straordinario di una columna caelata romana. Esso stabilisce senza ombra di dubbio che la colonna esisteva e che fu scavata dal fondo marino vicino a Misenum da Ludovico Montalto intorno al 1520. La colonna fu portata a Napoli ma langui sulla riva o sulla banchina al Castello dell'Ovo probabilmente fino alia metà del XVI secolo, da quando fu pesantemente esposta alle intemperie, dopo di che nulla si è più saputo di essa. Gli autori discutono le possibilità che la colonna possa essere stata parte di un arco di trionfo o di una colonna, o votiva o onorifica, non incassata, del tipo visto sul famoso paesaggio portuale di Stabiae, che verosimilmente rappresenta Misenum.</jats:p

Alice in recidivism land: The Queens logic and child protection workers\u27 assessment of sexual dangerousness

This article is based on a case that highlights the dearth of cogent and pertinent risk assessment information in the reports and testimonies of many involved in assessing risks to children in real life problematic circumstances. In the case, the decision to exclude an intrafamilial sexual offender from the family home was made in large measure on the basis that the offender\u27s wife accepted the offender\u27s &quot;denial of guilt&quot; to accusations previously made against him. Keeping families apart should not be entertained without reliable and valid evidence pointing to that decision. However, as will be seen, the evidence often relied upon by child protection workers, albeit in good faith, is neither. The assessment processes described in the case point directly to what appears to be a wider lack of knowledge specific to assessment of recidivism, to misrepresentation of risk assessment information, and to overarching epistemological issues that appear to be widely ignored and/or misunderstood within the overall field of risk assessment and threat management. The purpose of this article is to describe how the information used to decide upon exclusion in the case cannot be considered probative and to iterate the methodological processes that must be considered in such cases if miscarriages of justice are to be avoided

Can twenty years of technology education assist "grass roots" syllabus implementation?

Teachers' informed acceptance of challenges associated with teaching technology might ensure the successful implementation of a Technology syllabus in primary schools. They must be prepared to analyse their own understandings of technology concepts and processes, teaching and resource needs, and engage in professional development activities designed to meet their needs. This paper investigates the introduction of a new Technology syllabus into a school and draws on a number of data sources, for example, surveys, interviews with individual teachers, classroom observations, and field notes. It was evident that very specific personal and classroom related issues (e.g., content and pedagogy), and broader issues related to the school and wider communities (e.g., resources and networking), impacted on teachers' acceptance of the syllabus. Based on these findings, the influence of 20 years of technology education and associated research on the essentials of classroom syllabus implementation by teachers is evaluated. Ways of making this store of knowledge and expertise more meaningful and accessible for teachers are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Technology & Design Education is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.

Meta-analyses of Phase 3 randomised controlled trials of third generation aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen as first-line endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer

Background Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer (ABC) comparing aromatase inhibitors (AIs) versus the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, each individually reported significantly longer progression free survival (PFS) but none showed a significant difference in overall survival (OS). In these trials between 6.8%–55% of tumours were hormone receptor (HR) status unknown or negative. This meta-analysis restricted the comparison to HR-positive (HR+) tumours. MethodsAnonymised individual patient data were obtained from three RCTs, EORTC (exemestane versus tamoxifen), Study 0027 and Study 0030 (both anastrozole versus tamoxifen). For the remaining RCT (Femara Study PO25; letrozole versus tamoxifen), odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HzR), with confidence intervals were obtained from the clinical study report, for patients with HR+ tumours, in addition to published data. In total, data were obtained from 2296 patients; 1560 (68%) had HR+ ABC. FindingsThe OR for clinical benefit rate was 1·56, in favour of AIs (p[less than] 0·001). The duration of clinical benefit was not significantly increased by AIs (hazard ratio [HzR] 0·88; p=0·08). For PFS the HzR (0·82) was in favour of AIs (p=0·007). However, for OS the HzR (1·05) was not significantly different between AIs and tamoxifen (p=0·42).InterpretationAlthough third generation AIs put significantly more patients into ‘clinical benefit’, their tumours were not controlled for significantly longer. Overall, while this resulted in a significantly greater PFS in favour of the AIs, this did not translate into improvement in OS