First American records of Aphis Intybi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on two other related adventive species in Argentina

P.1154-1162Aphis intybi Koch is recorded for the first time in North and South America. Measurements for the identification of this species in comparison with Aphis craccivora Koch are given. Aphis cytisorum Hartig is recorded for the third time in Argentina. Data on morphological variation, geographical distribution, and host plants of these species in Argentina are provided. Their morphological identification is supported by comparison of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (DNA barcode) and subunit 2.S

Thysanoptera of Canada

The known Canadian Thysanoptera fauna currently consists of 147 species, including 28 non-native species, and there are five additional species found only indoors. DNA barcoding data, presence of species in adjacent regions, and preliminary evidence of the presence of host-associated cryptic species suggest that there may be as many as 255 additional species awaiting discovery or description in Canada

History of the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg), in British Columbia with notes on a recent range expansion

The balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) was introduced from Europe into eastern North America around 1900 and independently into western North America sometime before 1928.  It was first detected causing damage in North Vancouver, British Columbia in 1958. Since that time it has slowly spread to adjacent areas of southwestern BC. Surveys from 2011 to 2013 confirmed the presence of A. piceae in the Cascades Forest District and in the town of Rossland, BC, which are outside the pre-2014 quarantine area.  Until these recent detections, provincial quarantineregulations have been the principle tool employed to prevent anthropogenic spread of the adelgid through the restriction of movement of potentially infested seedlings and nursery stock from infested coastal regions of British Columbia into the highly susceptible high elevation Abies lasiocarpa stands in the interior forests. We provide a historical overview of the quarantine regulations enacted since 1966; review the distribution of Adelges piceae since the first confirmed records of establishment as documented by historical survey records; and document the extent of recent survey efforts and new detections in interior subalpine fir forests

Barcoding Bugs: DNA-Based Identification of the True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

oxidase I (COI) gene, has been shown to provide an efficient method for the identification of species in a wide range of animal taxa. In order to assess the effectiveness of barcodes in the discrimination of Heteroptera, we examined 344 species belonging to 178 genera, drawn from specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects.Analysis of the COI gene revealed less than 2% intra-specific divergence in 90% of the taxa examined, while minimum interspecific distances exceeded 3% in 77% of congeneric species pairs. Instances where barcodes fail to distinguish species represented clusters of morphologically similar species, except one case of barcode identity between species in different genera. Several instances of deep intraspecific divergence were detected suggesting possible cryptic species.Although this analysis encompasses 0.8% of the described global fauna, our results indicate that DNA barcodes will aid the identification of Heteroptera. This advance will be useful in pest management, regulatory and environmental applications and will also reveal species that require further taxonomic research

Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an invasive insect in north America

Volume: 109Start Page: 733End Page: 73

Biology and evolution of Adelgidae

Abstract The Adelgidae form a small clade of insects within the Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) that includes some of the most destructive introduced pest species threatening North American forest ecosystems. Despite their importance, little is known about their evolutionary history and their taxonomy remains unresolved. Adelgids are cyclically parthenogenetic and exhibit multigeneration complex life cycles. They can be holocyclic, with a sexual generation and host alternation, or anholocyclic, entirely asexual and without host alternation. We discuss adelgid behavior and ecology, emphasizing plant-insect interactions, and we explore ways that the biogeographic history of their host plants may have affected adelgid phylogeny and evolution of adelgid life cycles. Finally, we highlight several areas in which additional research into speciation, population genetics, multitrophic interactions, and life-history evolution would improve our understanding of adelgid biology and evolution. N.A. Cholodkovsky, 1915 (29

Morphometric studies of the genus Sitobion Mordvilko 1914 in Australia (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The taxonomic status of several Australian populations within the aphid genus Sitobion has been uncertain for many years. Morphometric investigations using principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis have allowed us to clarify the relationships of these entities. A form on grasses, referred to in the literature as Sitobion near fragariae, is shown not to separate morphometrically from S. fragariae (Walker) collected in Europe and North America. In contrast, Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) Clones 61 (2n = 20) and 34 (2n = 17) separate unequivocally from each other and from Clone 4 (2n = 18), the supposed ancestral karyotype. We argue against describing these as separate species. Sexual forms of S. miscanthi and Australian S. fragariae reared in the laboratory were compared with the sexual forms of European Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and S. fragariae, respectively. Australian specimens from Smilax glyciphylla and Smilax australis (Smilacaceae) are not Sitobion smilacifoliae (Takahashi).13 page(s