Guidelines for Handling Domestic Violence Cases in Community Mental Health Centers

Community mental health centers are becoming increasingly involved in the delivery of services to victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. To help centers plan a domestic violence program and address the risk of liability in treating clients who may be dangerous, the authors suggest principles to guide clinical decisions, standards for service delivery, and standards for staff development

An in situ evaluation of nutrient effects in lakes

A method for performing in situ nutrient enrichment experiments on natural likeJ)liytoplankton ccmmunities was developed and evaluated. One set of experiments in which it was employed was designed to detect limiting nutrients and to provide a basis for predicting future experiment results. Productivity increased in response to all three of the treatment variables used, N, P, and EDTA, but response patterns varied from experiment to experiment. Individual species responded differently to different treatments, and interactions among the treatment variables were important in shaping the community responses to mixtures of two or three variables. The most consistent features of the productivity results were incorporated into a most probable response pattern, which was partially validated by a second series of experiments

A Postglacial Pollen Record from Western Kodiak Island, Alaska

Excavation of organic deposits in a seasonally dry depression atop a moraine crest near the village of Karluk, on the west side of Kodiak Island, has provided a more detailed paleoenvironmental record than hitherto available for this part of the island. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the base of the section is approximately 4260 14C years in age. Seven minor volcanic ashes are recognized prior to the onset of seasonal drying of the basin at about 2330 B.P. A major ash fall (2 cm thick in section) is recorded at about 1625 B.P. The only significant woody taxon indicated in the pollen record is alder (Alnus); all other important taxa are herbaceous. This vegetation record indicates alders and ferns dominated the landscape immediately following substrate stabilization, which apparently was delayed in this area until well into the Holocene. Alder became relatively less important as soils matured and other taxa (mostly grasses) invaded. The overall record is one of vegetational and climatic stability since landscape stabilization in this area. Volcanic ashfalls have apparently had no significant long-term impact on the vegetation at the site.Key words: Alaska, Holocene, Karluk, Kodiak Island, Quaternary, geology, glaciation, paleoenvironments, palynology, radiocarbon dating, tephraMots clés: Alaska, holocène, Karluk, île Kodiak, quaternaire, géologie, glaciation, paléoenvironnements, palynologie, datation au radiocarbone, cendres volcanique

Benthic macroinvertebrate population distributions in relation to the C. P. Crane power plant thermal discharge : final report

Benthic macroinvertebrates (0.5 mm sieve) were sampled quarterly during the period June 1979-April 1980 in the oligohaline habitat in the vicinity of the C. P. Crane Generating Station, and in three reference areas in tributaries of Chesapeake Bay. Communities were distinguished according to sediment type (sand vs mud groups) and water depth (creek vs river-bay assemblages)

Morphoproteomic profiling of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in desmoplastic small round cell tumor (EWS/WT1), Ewing's sarcoma (EWS/FLI1) and Wilms' tumor(WT1).

BackgroundDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma in adolescents and young adults. The hallmark of this disease is a EWS-WT1 translocation resulting from apposition of the Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) gene with the Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene. We performed morphoproteomic profiling of DSRCT (EWS-WT1), Ewing's sarcoma (EWS-FLI1) and Wilms' tumor (WT1) to better understand the signaling pathways for selecting future targeted therapies.MethodologyThis pilot study assessed patients with DSRCT, Wilms' tumor and Ewing's sarcoma. Morphoproteomics and immunohistochemical probes were applied to detect: p-mTOR (Ser2448); p-Akt (Ser473); p-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204); p-STAT3 (Tyr 705); and cell cycle-related analytes along with their negative controls.Principal findingsIn DSRCT the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is constitutively activated by p-Akt (Ser 473) expression in the nuclear compartment of the tumor cells and p-mTOR phosphorylated on Ser 2448, suggesting mTORC2 (rictor+mTOR) as the dominant form. Ewing's sarcoma had upregulated p-Akt and p-mTOR, predominantly mTORC2. In Wilm's tumor, the mTOR pathway is also activated with most tumor cells moderately expressing p-mTOR (Ser 2448) in plasmalemmal and cytoplasmic compartments. This coincides with the constitutive activation of one of the downstream effectors of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, namely p-p70S6K (Thr 389). There was constitutive activation of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway p-ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) expression in the Wilms tumor and metastatic Ewing's sarcoma, but not in the DSRCT.ConclusionMORPHOPROTEOMIC TUMOR ANALYSES REVEALED CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF THE MTOR PATHWAY AS EVIDENCED BY: (a) expression of phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-p70S6K; (b) mTORC 2 in EWS and DSRCT; (c) ERK signaling was seen in the advanced setting indicating these as resistance pathways to IGF1R related therapies. This is the first morphoproteomic study of such pathways in these rare malignancies and may have potential therapeutic implications. Further study using morphoproteomic assessments of these tumors are warranted

A survey of the late summer benthos community in the vicinity of the C. P. Crane generating station

A survey of the sediment distribution in the vicinity of the C. P. Crane Generating Station, Bengies, Maryland showed that the sediments in the creeks receiving the plant\u27s cooling water discharge were predominantly soft clayey-silt. The benthic invertebrate taxa found in these sediments were typical of the connnunities found in oligohaline waters of Chesapeake Bay. Comparisons of the benthic community in the discharge area with the connnunities in two reference areas of similar sediment type revealed an apparent reduction in the discharge area population of the dominant amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus, in August