Thermophysics of the lanthanide hydroxides I. Heat capacities of La(OH)3, Gd(OH)3, and Eu(OH)3 from near 5 to 350 K. Lattice and Schottky contributions

From values of the heat capacity of microcrystalline La(OH)3, Gd(OH)3, and Eu(OH)3 determined by precise adiabatic calorimetry from near 10 to 350 K, the Schottky contribution associated with the low-lying J-manifolds of Eu(OH)3 was resolved with the aid of a new lattice-heat-capacity approximation based upon volumetric interpolation between the lattice heat capacities of the La(OH)3 and Gd(OH)3 homologs. This calorimetrically deduced Schottky contribution to the heat capacity of Eu(OH)3 was compared with the same contribution calculated from spectral data. Excellent accord was observed over the entire temperature range investigated. The experimental heat capacities of this study together with previously published low-temperature (0.45 to 18 K) magnetic and heat-capacity data for Gd(OH)3 permit evaluation of thermophysical functions relative to T = 0 for each compound.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23359/1/0000303.pd

Low-temperature heat capacities, thermophysical properties, optical spectra, and analysis of Schottky contributions to Pr(OH)3

From values of the heat capacity of microcrystalline Pr(OH)3 determined by precise adiabatic calorimetry from 15 to 350 K, the Schottky contribution associated with all but the lowest Stark level was resolved with the aid of a model of the lattice heat capacity based upon the molar volumes of the lanthanide trihydroxides. Visible and infrared absorption spectra were taken at approximately 95 K on microcrystalline mulls and the energy-level scheme and crystalline electric-field parameters evaluated. The Schottky contribution of all levels above the first excited state ([mu] = 3) was resolved by a new scheme for modeling the lattice contribution and compared with the same contribution deduced from the spectral results. Excellent accord was observed. These results together with magnetic results and the first excited Stark level were used to adjust the low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions so as to evaluate Cp/R, So/R, and - {Go - Ho(0)}/RT, at 298.15 K as 14.154, 15.84, and 7.766, respectively.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23751/1/0000724.pd

Improvement of Quality in Publication of Experimental Thermophysical Property Data: Challenges, Assessment Tools, Global Implementation, and Online Support

Article on the improvement of quality in the publication of experimental thermophysical property data

Should the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae be of wider concern for veterinary and medical science?

The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is best known as a threat to the laying-hen industry; adversely affecting production and hen health and welfare throughout the globe, both directly and through its role as a disease vector. Nevertheless, D. gallinae is being increasingly implemented in dermatological complaints in non-avian hosts, suggesting that its significance may extend beyond poultry. The main objective of the current work was to review the potential of D. gallinae as a wider veterinary and medical threat. Results demonstrated that, as an avian mite, D. gallinae is unsurprisingly an occasional pest of pet birds. However, research also supports that these mites will feed from a range of other animals including: cats, dogs, rodents, rabbits, horses and man. We conclude that although reported cases of D. gallinae infesting mammals are relatively rare, when coupled with the reported genetic plasticity of this species and evidence of permanent infestations on non-avian hosts, potential for host-expansion may exist. The impact of, and mechanisms and risk factors for such expansion are discussed, and suggestions for further work made. Given the potential severity of any level of host-expansion in D. gallinae, we conclude that further research should be urgently conducted to confirm the full extent of the threat posed by D. gallinae to (non-avian) veterinary and medical sectors

John Clare and place

This chapter tackles issues of place in the self-presentation and critical reception of John Clare, and pursues it across a number of axes. The argument centres on the placing of Clare both socio-economically and ‘naturally’, and limitations exerted upon perceptions of his work. Interrogating criticism this chapter finds a pervasive awkwardness especially in relation to issues of class and labour. It assesses the contemporary ‘placing’ of Clare, and seemingly unavoidable insensitivities to labour and poverty in the history industry, place-naming, and polemical ecocriticism. It assesses the ways Clare represents place – in poverty, in buildings, in nature – and, drawing on Michel de Certeau, considers the tactics Clare uses to negotiate his place. It pursues trajectories to ‘un-place’ Clare: the flight of fame in Clare’s response to Byron; and the flight of an early poem in songbooks and beyond, across the nineteenth century

Characterisation of Dermanyssus gallinae glutathione S-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins

BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. As a result, knowledge of GSTs can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. Acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for Dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economically important haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry. METHODS: A transcriptomic database representing D. gallinae was examined and 11 contig sequences were identified with GST BlastX identities. The transcripts represented by 3 contigs, designated Deg-GST-1, −2 and −3, were fully sequenced and further characterized by phylogenetic analysis. Recombinant versions of Deg-GST-1, −2 and −3 (rDeg-GST) were enzymically active and acaricide-binding properties of the rDeg-GSTs were established by evaluating the ability of selected acaricides to inhibit the enzymatic activity of rDeg-GSTs. RESULTS: 6 of the identified GSTs belonged to the mu class, followed by 3 kappa, 1 omega and 1 delta class molecules. Deg-GST-1 and −3 clearly partitioned with orthologous mu class GSTs and Deg-GST-2 partitioned with delta class GSTs. Phoxim, permethrin and abamectin significantly inhibited rDeg-GST-1 activity by 56, 35 and 17 % respectively. Phoxim also inhibited rDeg-2-GST (14.8 %) and rDeg-GST-3 (20.6 %) activities. CONCLUSIONS: Deg-GSTs may have important roles in the detoxification of pesticides and, with the increased occurrence of acaricide resistance in this species worldwide, Deg-GSTs are attractive targets for novel interventions

Thermophysics of the lanthanide trihydroxides III. Heat capacities from 5 to 350 K of the related compound Y(OH)3. Lattice contribution

Heat-capacity measurements between 5 and 350 K have been performed upon a microcrystalline sample of Y(OH)3. The heat capacities can be represented by a simple sigmate curve; no anomalous behavior was observed. Comparison with previously published results for the iso-anionic compounds La(OH)3 and Gd(OH)3 provides insight into the physical origins of experimentally observed trends in the lattice contributions of lanthanide compounds and suggests a rationale for the volume-weighted lattice-approximation scheme, which has been applied with great success to the lighter lanthanide trihydroxides.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24564/1/0000846.pd

Thermophysics of the lanthanide trihydroxides II. Heat capacities from 10 to 350 K of Nd(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3. Lattice and Schottky contributions

Heat capacities have been measured from near 7 to 350 K for Nd(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3 and the derived thermophysical properties evaluated using previously reported heat capacities at lower temperatures. At 298.15 K the values of Cp/R, So/R, and -{Gc - Ho(0)}/RT are 14.15, 15.62, and 7.484 for Nd(OH)3 and 13.72, 15.44, and 7.525 for Tb(OH)3. The resolution of the lattice and Schottky contributions for both compounds is discussed. The Tb(OH)3 calorimetric Schottky contribution is correlated with spectroscopically deduced energy levels for Tb(OH)3 and Tb3+ -doped Y(OH)3, while that of Nd(OH)3 is used to estimate the crystal-field splitting of the 4I9/2 J-manifold. The effect of temperature upon the Schottky heat capacities is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23403/1/0000348.pd