A Comparative Analysis of State Courses of Study In Character Education

The purpose of this study is to determine what the state Departments of Education have done to carry out definite programs in character education in elementary and secondary schools. This problem is limited to special courses of study in character education issued by certain State Departments of Education. According to the United States Bureau of Education at Washington, D. c., only six of the forty-eight states have prepared special courses of study in this field. In this study a comparative analysis is made of these courses of study as to character traits and objectives, methods of procedure in developing the desired objectives, and as to extent of thoroughness in which the subject is covered. The objectives and character traits of state courses in the various school subjects are not included in this analysis. Neither are the special courses of study for character education in the city school systems included

EPA's Arsenic Rule: The Benefits of the Standard Do Not Justify the Costs

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently finalized a rule that would reduce the maximum allowable level of arsenic in drinking water by 80 percent. While arsenic is thought to be essential for the human body at low levels, it can cause cancer when consumed at higher concentrations for extended periods of time. This regulatory analysis evaluates the benefits and costs of the EPA's rule. On the basis of currently available information, we find that the EPA's standard cannot be justified on economic grounds. We estimate that the costs of the final rule will exceed the benefits by about $190 million annually. We also find that the rule probably will result in a net loss of life. We find that the rule probably will result in a net loss of life. The direct effect of the rule will be to save about ten lives annually in the future. After taking into account the indirect impacts of the cost of the rule on items like health care expenditures, however, we find that the rule is likely to result in a net loss of about ten lives annually. A question that the rule does not examine carefully is whether other regulatory alternatives could result in positive net benefits. We explore the option of targeting specific water systems and find that this strategy is unlikely to be very helpful. Instead of regulating more stringently now, the agency should wait until more information becomes available over the next few years. Such a strategy would have the advantage of avoiding large capital expenditures until the time that evidence suggests that risks posed by arsenic in drinking water are significant.

Statutory Construction - The Outdoor Advertising Control Act - Legal Status of Townships

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania held that the incorporated municipality exception is not available to billboards erected in townships. Patrick Media Group, Inc. v. Department of Transportation, 620 A.2d 1125 (Pa. 1993)

Should You Be Allowed to Use Your Cellular Phone While Driving?

Regulation of the use of cellular phones by individuals while driving is now commonplace outside the United States and has been proposed in a number of jurisdictions in the United States. There is growing concern that using cellular phones while driving leads to increases in accidents and fatalities. This paper provides an economic analysis of regulatory options for addressing cellular phone usage by drivers of vehicles. While large uncertainties surrounding both benefits and costs exist, a key conclusion is that banning drivers from using cellular phones is a bad idea. Our best estimate is that the costs of a ban are likely to exceed benefits by about $20 billion annually. Less intrusive regulation, such as requiring the use of a hands-free device that would allow a driver to use both hands for steering also is not likely to be economically justified.

Military hospital ships: practical notes for medical officers on the selection, equipment, organization, and administration of a military hospital ship

An endeavour has been made in these notes to justify their claim to being "practical" as set forth in the title.The sequence of events has been taken in its natural order from the sebection of the ship to the description of a complete voyage.The question of selection'devolves least on the Medical Officer,and therefore has been dealt with shottly. As regards the fitting -out and equipping of a Hospital Ship,it is most unlikely that,unaided,this duty would aver fall to any Medical Officer to supervise. The work in practically every known case falls to the Admiralty to carry out,but practical suggestions from Medical Officers, I have always found are welcomed.As before mentioned,it would be to my mind a mere waste of time to attempt to give all details of dimensions of pantries,and other structures,spaces between cots,and other such minutiae.Better it is,I think,to accept the standard we all know, and to rest content with suggestions for improvement on that standard.It is with organization and administration that all but a very few Medical Officers called to hospital ship duty will have to deal.For the working of a Hospital ship there is no standard set, and often no previous experience 7upon which to act