Intelligent computer-aided training and tutoring

Specific autonomous training systems based on artificial intelligence technology for use by NASA astronauts, flight controllers, and ground-based support personnel that demonstrate an alternative to current training systems are described. In addition to these specific systems, the evolution of a general architecture for autonomous intelligent training systems that integrates many of the features of traditional training programs with artificial intelligence techniques is presented. These Intelligent Computer-Aided Training (ICAT) systems would provide, for the trainee, much of the same experience that could be gained from the best on-the-job training. By integrating domain expertise with a knowledge of appropriate training methods, an ICAT session should duplicate, as closely as possible, the trainee undergoing on-the-job training in the task environment, benefitting from the full attention of a task expert who is also an expert trainer. Thus, the philosophy of the ICAT system is to emulate the behavior of an experienced individual devoting his full time and attention to the training of a novice - proposing challenging training scenarios, monitoring and evaluating the actions of the trainee, providing meaningful comments in response to trainee errors, responding to trainee requests for information, giving hints (if appropriate), and remembering the strengths and weaknesses displayed by the trainee so that appropriate future exercises can be designed

Advanced training systems

Training is a major endeavor in all modern societies. Common training methods include training manuals, formal classes, procedural computer programs, simulations, and on-the-job training. NASA's training approach has focussed primarily on on-the-job training in a simulation environment for both crew and ground based personnel. NASA must explore new approaches to training for the 1990's and beyond. Specific autonomous training systems are described which are based on artificial intelligence technology for use by NASA astronauts, flight controllers, and ground based support personnel that show an alternative to current training systems. In addition to these specific systems, the evolution of a general architecture for autonomous intelligent training systems that integrates many of the features of traditional training programs with artificial intelligence techniques is presented. These Intelligent Computer Aided Training (ICAT) systems would provide much of the same experience that could be gained from the best on-the-job training

The world according to Graaff

This design dissertation report describes the narrative approach to the design of a district cooling facility for the Cape Town foreshore. The project attempts to grapple with architectural ideas around the re-scripting of buildings. The role buildings play in the constructing of narratives and particularly the fictionalisation of ruins is a central theme to the investigation. The project also experiments with cross-programming, Neil Leach’s theories on assimilation and Victorian industry. The building is situated at the Cape Town waterfront and occupies the site once held by the Amsterdam Battery

The Effect of Underground Storage Tanks on Residential Property Values in Cuyahoga County, Ohio

This study considers the effect of underground storage tanks on residential sales price. These effects are tested with a hedonic pricing model for all 1992 residential sales in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Three types of tanks were tested: non-leaking tanks registered with the state of Ohio, leaking tanks that are currently not registered, and registered leakers. Results show that close proximity (same block or within 300 feet) to registered, non-leaking tanks and to unregistered leakers did not significantly affect sales price. However, proximity to a leaking, registered tank demonstrated a reduction in price of over 17%.

Quality teaching in primary school design and technology

This research will help you think about:The meaning of 'quality' in your classroomsThe relationship between design and make assignments and associated focused practical tasksStrategies for reflecting on your own practiceThis paper draws its evidence from my Ph.O. research project set in a cluster of schools. The work is on-going and classroom based. Questions about the nature and practice of design and technology throughout the primary phase have been addressed by observer/participant teaching approaches and resultant data analysed through the processes of 'Reflexive Critique' and 'Critical Incident' analysis. The work is now moving towards its concluding phase in which implications for Initial Teacher Education (ITE) courses and In-Service Education and Training (INSET) are emerging

Cultivating coffee experiences in the Eje Cafetero, Colombia

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the potential for developing a unique coffee tourism experience in the Eje Cafetero region of Colombia, considering unique local traditions of coffee production, as well as local tourism infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachWith the aim of observing coffee tourism experiences in-place, this paper uses an analytical auto-ethnographic methodology, where the researcher observes the coffee tourism experience, considering both the tourism providers and tourists. This represents an emerging method in tourism research with data collected through a reflective diary and photographic documentation.FindingsCoffee tourism has already established itself in the Eje Cafetero region, and with increasing tourism in Colombia, there is potential for further interest in coffee tourism in the region. With an established infrastructure and positive reputation for coffee, Colombia is well placed to provide various coffee tourism offerings, including unique experiences based on local traditions.Originality/valueCoffee tourism is an under-researched area, with few studies based on primary data to understand the potential for coffee tourism experiences. This study advances knowledge on this while also promoting innovative auto-ethnographic research methods. Findings help places understand how to leverage competitive advantage through unique offerings

Selling places: a community-based model for promoting local food. The case of Rhondda Cynon Taf

The aim of this paper is to evaluate how places approach the promotion of local food products and what it means to produce, consume and support local produce in a rural region.The study uses a participatory action-reflective approach through a series of 3 focus groups held over consecutive weeks with 9 participants. This included local food producers, artists and community members, with data collected through focus group discussions, reflective video diaries and a questionnaire. Research was conducted in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, a region with entrepreneurial potential but lacking a reputation for food.Findings demonstrate confused perceptions of local identity, leading to a clichéd image of the region. As such, an origin brand may do little to enhance the value of local produce or increase economic prosperity in places that lack an established identity. Places with a more recognized reputation for food, such as Wales, could benefit from an origin brand, similar to Brittany.The study extends the academic understanding of place branding by investigating the value in using origin branding in promoting food products. The context of a lesser-known region highlights the importance of awareness and reputation for the successful implementation of the brand. Additionally, the unique community-led action-reflective methodology provides a holistic model in exploring the effective development of the brand

Food tourism: opportunities for SMEs through diaspora marketing?

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the diaspora effect on food tourism. Focussing on the nexus of diaspora marketing, entrepreneurship and food tourism, this paper seeks to explore opportunities for food and drink SMEs to engage in food tourism activities through diaspora marketing.Design/methodology/approach: As an investigation of an under-researched concept, this research uses mixed methods to develop a deeper understanding of diaspora effects on food tourism. This includes an online survey of 169 food producers, with 37 follow-up interviews. Research was conducted with food producing SMEs in Wales and Brittany, two culturally and geographically similar places, where both the food and drink and tourism industries are significant parts of the local economy.Findings: Two avenues for diaspora tourism are apparent, either through engaging with diaspora networks, such as expatriate networks located outside the country of origin, or through the reverse diaspora effect, of visitors experiencing products and then seeking to purchase them once returned to their countries. Both approaches depend on the ability for the food producer to sell their products to international buyers, as well as ensuring that international buyers had sufficient awareness of the products, which also links to a positive reputation for food.Originality: The paper aims to take a novel approach to the impact of diasporas on food tourism by considering the entrepreneurial activity of businesses in developing opportunities for food tourism through diaspora marketing. Distinctions are made from existing research by studying diaspora tourism from the business perspective