22 research outputs found
Arousal from sleep in response to intermittent hypoxia in rat pups is modulated by medullary raphe GABAergic mechanisms
Eliminating medullary 5-HT neurons delays arousal and decreases the respiratory response to repeated episodes of hypoxia in neonatal rat pups
Salivary Caffeine Concentrations Are Comparable to Plasma Concentrations in Preterm Infants Receiving Extended Caffeine Therapy
Aims
Caffeine concentrations in preterm infants are usually measured in the blood. However, salivary assays may provide a valid and practical alternative. The present study explored the validity and clinical utility of salivary caffeine concentrations as an alternative to blood concentrations and developed a novel plasma/salivary caffeine distribution model. Methods
Paired salivary and plasma samples were obtained in 29 infants. Salivary samples were obtained using a commercially available salivary collection system. Caffeine concentrations in the saliva and plasma were determined using highâperformance liquid chromatography. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM 7.3. Results
The mean (± standard deviation) gestational age (GA) at birth and birth weight were 27.9 ± 2.1 weeks and 1171.6 ± 384.9 g, respectively. Paired samples were obtained at a mean postmenstrual age (PMA) of 35.5 ± 1.1 weeks. The range of plasma caffeine concentrations was 9.5â54.1 ÎŒg mlâ1, with a mean difference (95% confidence interval) between plasma and salivary concentrations of â0.18 ÎŒg mlâ1 (â1.90, 1.54). Salivary and plasma caffeine concentrations were strongly correlated (Pearson\u27s correlation coefficient = 0.87, P \u3c 0.001). Caffeine PK in plasma and saliva was simultaneously described by a threeâcompartment recirculation model. Current body weight, birth weight, GA, PMA and postnatal age were not significantly correlated with any PK parameter. Conclusions
Salivary sampling provides an easy, nonâinvasive method for measuring caffeine concentrations. Salivary concentrations correlate highly with plasma concentrations. Caffeine PK in saliva and plasma are well described by a threeâcompartment recirculation model
Salivary Caffeine Concentrations Are Comparable to Plasma Concentrations in Preterm Infants Receiving Extended Caffeine Therapy
Aims
Caffeine concentrations in preterm infants are usually measured in the blood. However, salivary assays may provide a valid and practical alternative. The present study explored the validity and clinical utility of salivary caffeine concentrations as an alternative to blood concentrations and developed a novel plasma/salivary caffeine distribution model. Methods
Paired salivary and plasma samples were obtained in 29 infants. Salivary samples were obtained using a commercially available salivary collection system. Caffeine concentrations in the saliva and plasma were determined using highâperformance liquid chromatography. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM 7.3. Results
The mean (± standard deviation) gestational age (GA) at birth and birth weight were 27.9 ± 2.1 weeks and 1171.6 ± 384.9 g, respectively. Paired samples were obtained at a mean postmenstrual age (PMA) of 35.5 ± 1.1 weeks. The range of plasma caffeine concentrations was 9.5â54.1 ÎŒg mlâ1, with a mean difference (95% confidence interval) between plasma and salivary concentrations of â0.18 ÎŒg mlâ1 (â1.90, 1.54). Salivary and plasma caffeine concentrations were strongly correlated (Pearson\u27s correlation coefficient = 0.87, P \u3c 0.001). Caffeine PK in plasma and saliva was simultaneously described by a threeâcompartment recirculation model. Current body weight, birth weight, GA, PMA and postnatal age were not significantly correlated with any PK parameter. Conclusions
Salivary sampling provides an easy, nonâinvasive method for measuring caffeine concentrations. Salivary concentrations correlate highly with plasma concentrations. Caffeine PK in saliva and plasma are well described by a threeâcompartment recirculation model