Scapho-capitate Syndrome Variant: 180-Degree Rotation of the Proximal Capitate Fragment Without Identifiable Scaphoid Fracture

AbstractScapho-capitate fractures, also known as Fenton's Syndrome, occur very rarely. We report a case of a variant capitate fracture with a 180 degree rotation of the proximal fragment and no identifiable scaphoid fracture. Prompt identification of this fracture is necessary to minimize complications such as avascular necrosis

Rapid differentiation of \u3ci\u3eMoraxella bovoculi\u3c/i\u3e genotypes 1 and 2 using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiles

Moraxella bovoculi is the most frequently isolated bacteria from the eyes of cattle with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as bovine pinkeye. Two distinct genotypes of M. bovoculi, genotype 1 and genotype 2, were characterized after whole genome sequencing showed a large degree of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity within the species. To date, both genotypes have been isolated from the eyes of cattle without clinical signs of IBK while only genotype 1 strains have been isolated from the eyes of cattle with clinical signs of IBK. We used 38 known genotype 1 strains and 26 known genotype 2 strains to assess the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to accurately genotype M. bovoculi strains using mass spectrum biomarkers. Mass spectrum data was analyzed with ClinProTools 3.0 software and six models were developed that classify strain genotypes with accuracies ranging from 90.6% - 100%. Finally, using four of the most genotype-specific peaks that also exhibited high peak intensities from the six automated models, we developed a customized model (UNL assisted model) that had recognition capability, validation, and classification accuracies of 100% for genotype classification. Our results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers can be used to accurately discriminate genotypes of M. bovoculi without the need for additional methods

Rapid differentiation of \u3ci\u3eMoraxella bovoculi\u3c/i\u3e genotypes 1 and 2 using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiles

Moraxella bovoculi is the most frequently isolated bacteria from the eyes of cattle with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as bovine pinkeye. Two distinct genotypes of M. bovoculi, genotype 1 and genotype 2, were characterized after whole genome sequencing showed a large degree of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity within the species. To date, both genotypes have been isolated from the eyes of cattle without clinical signs of IBK while only genotype 1 strains have been isolated from the eyes of cattle with clinical signs of IBK. We used 38 known genotype 1 strains and 26 known genotype 2 strains to assess the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to accurately genotype M. bovoculi strains using mass spectrum biomarkers. Mass spectrum data was analyzed with ClinProTools 3.0 software and six models were developed that classify strain genotypes with accuracies ranging from 90.6% - 100%. Finally, using four of the most genotype-specific peaks that also exhibited high peak intensities from the six automated models, we developed a customized model (UNL assisted model) that had recognition capability, validation, and classification accuracies of 100% for genotype classification. Our results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers can be used to accurately discriminate genotypes of M. bovoculi without the need for additional methods

Oligonucleotide array discovery of polymorphisms in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) reveals patterns of SNP variation associated with breeding

Background: Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has narrow genetic diversity that makes it difficult to identify polymorphisms between elite germplasm. We explored array-based single feature polymorphism (SFP) discovery as a high-throughput approach for marker development in cultivated tomato. Results: Three varieties, FL7600 (fresh-market), OH9242 (processing), and PI114490 (cherry) were used as a source of genomic DNA for hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays. Identification of SFPs was based on outlier detection using regression analysis of normalized hybridization data within a probe set for each gene. A subset of 189 putative SFPs was sequenced for validation. The rate of validation depended on the desired level of significance (α) used to define the confidence interval (CI), and ranged from 76% for polymorphisms identified at α ≤ 10-6 to 60% for those identified at α ≤ 10-2. Validation percentage reached a plateau between α ≤ 10-4 and α ≤ 10-7, but failure to identify known SFPs (Type II error) increased dramatically at α ≤ 10-6. Trough sequence validation, we identified 279 SNPs and 27 InDels in 111 loci. Sixty loci contained ≥ 2 SNPs per locus. We used a subset of validated SNPs for genetic diversity analysis of 92 tomato varieties and accessions. Pairwise estimation of θ (Fst) suggested significant differentiation between collections of fresh-market, processing, vintage, Latin American (landrace), and S. pimpinellifolium accessions. The fresh-market and processing groups displayed high genetic diversity relative to vintage and landrace groups. Furthermore, the patterns of SNP variation indicated that domestication and early breeding practices have led to progressive genetic bottlenecks while modern breeding practices have reintroduced genetic variation into the crop from wild species. Finally, we examined the ratio of non-synonymous (Ka) to synonymous substitutions (Ks) for 20 loci with multiple SNPs (≥ 4 per locus). Six of 20 loci showed ratios of Ka/Ks ≥ 0.9. Conclusion: Array-based SFP discovery was an efficient method to identify a large number of molecular markers for genetics and breeding in elite tomato germplasm. Patterns of sequence variation across five major tomato groups provided insight into to the effect of human selection on genetic variation

A Nationally Representative Survey Assessing Restorative Sleep in US Adults

Restorative sleep is a commonly used term but a poorly defined construct. Few studies have assessed restorative sleep in nationally representative samples. We convened a panel of 7 expert physicians and researchers to evaluate and enhance available measures of restorative sleep. We then developed the revised Restorative Sleep Questionnaire (REST-Q), which comprises 9 items assessing feelings resulting from the prior sleep episode, each with 5-point Likert response scales. Finally, we assessed the prevalence of high, somewhat, and low REST-Q scores in a nationally representative sample of US adults (n= 1,055) and examined the relationship of REST-Q scores with other sleep and demographic characteristics. Pairwise correlations were performed between the REST-Q scores and other self-reported sleep measures. Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare scores on the REST-Q with demographic variables. The prevalence of higher REST-Q scores (4 or 5 on the Likert scale) was 28.1% in the nationally representative sample. REST-Q scores positively correlated with sleep quality (r=0.61) and sleep duration (r=0.32), and negatively correlated with both difficulty falling asleep (r=-0.40) and falling back asleep after waking (r=-0.41). Higher restorative sleep scores (indicating more feelings of restoration upon waking) were more common among those who were: ≥60 years of age (OR=4.20, 95%CI: 1.92-9.17); widowed (OR=2.35, 95%CI:1.01-5.42), and retired (OR=2.02, 95%CI:1.30-3.14). Higher restorative sleep scores were less frequent among those who were not working (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.10-1.00) and living in a household with two or more persons (OR=0.51,95%CI:0.29-0.87). Our findings suggest that the REST-Q may be useful for assessing restorative sleep

Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects

Measuring fruit morphology and color traits of vegetable and fruit crops in an objective and reproducible way is important for detailed phenotypic analyses of these traits. Tomato Analyzer (TA) is a software program that measures 37 attributes related to two-dimensional shape in a semi-automatic and reproducible manner1,2. Many of these attributes, such as angles at the distal and proximal ends of the fruit and areas of indentation, are difficult to quantify manually. The attributes are organized in ten categories within the software: Basic Measurement, Fruit Shape Index, Blockiness, Homogeneity, Proximal Fruit End Shape, Distal Fruit End Shape, Asymmetry, Internal Eccentricity, Latitudinal Section and Morphometrics. The last category requires neither prior knowledge nor predetermined notions of the shape attributes, so morphometric analysis offers an unbiased option that may be better adapted to high-throughput analyses than attribute analysis. TA also offers the Color Test application that was designed to collect color measurements from scanned images and allow scanning devices to be calibrated using color standards3

Trigger Point Injections for Headache Disorders: Expert Consensus Methodology and Narrative Review

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109332/1/head12442.pd

Marine mammal skin microbiotas are influenced by host phylogeny

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Apprill, A., Miller, C. A., Van Cise, A. M., U'Ren, J. M., Leslie, M. S., Weber, L., Baird, R. W., Robbins, J., Landry, S., Bogomolni, A., & Waring, G. Marine mammal skin microbiotas are influenced by host phylogeny. Royal Society Open Science, 7(5), (2020): 192046, doi:10.1098/rsos.192046.Skin-associated microorganisms have been shown to play a role in immune function and disease of humans, but are understudied in marine mammals, a diverse animal group that serve as sentinels of ocean health. We examined the microbiota associated with 75 epidermal samples opportunistically collected from nine species within four marine mammal families, including: Balaenopteridae (sei and fin whales), Phocidae (harbour seal), Physeteridae (sperm whales) and Delphinidae (bottlenose dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins, rough-toothed dolphins, short-finned pilot whales and melon-headed whales). The skin was sampled from free-ranging animals in Hawai‘i (Pacific Ocean) and off the east coast of the United States (Atlantic Ocean), and the composition of the bacterial community was examined using the sequencing of partial small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA genes. Skin microbiotas were significantly different among host species and taxonomic families, and microbial community distance was positively correlated with mitochondrial-based host genetic divergence. The oceanic location could play a role in skin microbiota variation, but skin from species sampled in both locations is necessary to determine this influence. These data suggest that a phylosymbiotic relationship may exist between microbiota and their marine mammal hosts, potentially providing specific health and immune-related functions that contribute to the success of these animals in diverse ocean ecosystems.Funding provided by the Earth Microbiome Project, WHOI Marine Mammal Center, WHOI Ocean Life Institute and WHOI's Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research to A.A. Hawai‘i sampling was undertaken during field projects funded by grants from ONR (N000141310648 to R.W.B, N000141110612 to T.A. Mooney and N00014101686 to R.D. Andrews) and NMFS (NA13OAR4540212 to R.W.B)