Sedimentación y paleografía del Complejo Urgoniano (Aptiense-Albiense) en el área de Bermeo (región Vasco-Cantábrica septentional)

El Complejo Urgoniano del área de Bermeo, de edad Aptiense- Albiense Medio, se compone de margas, brechas carbonatadas y calizas con rudistas. Se han diferenciado en él una plataforma carbonatada aislada (Guernica), otra ligada a un bloque paleozoico septentrional en elevación (S. Juan de Gaztelugache), y tres tipos de taludes carbonatados: 1) talud de margen deposicional (Mundaca, Aptiense Superior), 2) talud de margen de tránsito y escarpe (Laida, Albiense), y 3) talud de margen de escarpe retrogradante (Baquio- Bermeo norte, Albiense). Del análisis paleogeogrhfico se deduce la existencia de un surco central (Bermeo), de orientación NE-SO y sedimentación margosa, limitado por dos altos con sedimentación caliza de plataforma. El alto meridional (Guernica) desarrolló en su parte norte los dos primeros tipos de talud citados, y se supone que fue controlado por movimientos halocineticos tempranos. El alto septentrional (S. Juan de Gaztelugache) di6 lugar al último tipo de talud (3), cuya formación se atribuye a un fallamiento normal retrogradante de orientación E-O, que hundía el bloque S. Oscila-ciones relativas del nivel del mar, relacionadas probablemente con cambios eustaticos además del tectonismo local, contribuyeron a configurar el marco paleogeográfico descrito

Sedimentación y paleografía del Complejo Urgoniano (Aptiense-Albiense) en el área de Bermeo (región Vasco-Cantábrica septentional)

El Complejo Urgoniano del área de Bermeo, de edad Aptiense- Albiense Medio, se compone de margas, brechas carbonatadas y calizas con rudistas. Se han diferenciado en él una plataforma carbonatada aislada (Guernica), otra ligada a un bloque paleozoico septentrional en elevación (S. Juan de Gaztelugache), y tres tipos de taludes carbonatados: 1) talud de margen deposicional (Mundaca, Aptiense Superior), 2) talud de margen de tránsito y escarpe (Laida, Albiense), y 3) talud de margen de escarpe retrogradante (Baquio- Bermeo norte, Albiense). Del análisis paleogeogrhfico se deduce la existencia de un surco central (Bermeo), de orientación NE-SO y sedimentación margosa, limitado por dos altos con sedimentación caliza de plataforma. El alto meridional (Guernica) desarrolló en su parte norte los dos primeros tipos de talud citados, y se supone que fue controlado por movimientos halocineticos tempranos. El alto septentrional (S. Juan de Gaztelugache) di6 lugar al último tipo de talud (3), cuya formación se atribuye a un fallamiento normal retrogradante de orientación E-O, que hundía el bloque S. Oscila-ciones relativas del nivel del mar, relacionadas probablemente con cambios eustaticos además del tectonismo local, contribuyeron a configurar el marco paleogeográfico descrito

Caracteres sedimentológicos generales del "Flysch-Negro" entre Baquio y Guernica (Albiense superior-Cenomaniense inferior, provincia de Vizcaya)

El Flysch Negro (Albiense superior-Cenomaniense inferior) de Baquio-Guernica está compuesto fundamentalmente por facies areniscosas y lutíticas con escasos conglomerados. Se depositó en un medio marino relativamente profundo, principalmente mediante corrientes de turbidez y en menor proporción por deslizamientos gravitatorios en masa. El tipo de facies, la distribución geográfica de las mismas y las paleocorrientes sugieren una procedencia general de aportes del NE, así como la existencia de al menos 3 pequeños sistemas de dispersión de tipo abanico, quizás confinados. En conjunto el depósito habría correspondido a un ambiente de talud (slope apron) alimentado por materiales pre-jurásicos. Se propone la divisón de la unidad en dos secuencias deposicionales, originadas por sendas caídas relativas bruscas del nivel del mar seguidas por los ascensos relativos correspondientes

Paleocene Larger Foraminifera from the Pyrenean Basin with a recalibration of the Paleocene Shallow Benthic Zones

A taxonomic study of the larger foraminifera found in Paleocene rocks from the Pyrenean basin has led to the description of sixty taxa including two new species: Alveolina korresensis and Valvulineria bacetai. In this work, we present a chronostratigraphic recalibration of the Paleocene Shallow Benthic Zones (SBZ 1 to SBZ 4) based on correlation with calcareous nannofossil and planktic foraminifera biozones, all integrated within the stratigraphic framework of Paleocene platform to basin depositional sequences established for the whole Pyrenean domain. The samples were collected in autochtonous and parautochtonous deposits from ten key shallow platform stratigraphic sections, representative from coastal to platform margin depositional settings. The results from two base of slope sections with numerous intercalations of calcareous turbidites with penecontemporaneous platform-derived biota have been integrated in the study. The regional chronostratigraphic framework is derived from magneto-biochronological studies carried out in the Zumaia section, global reference section for the Danian-Selandian and Selandian-Thanertian GSSPs. The new calibration of the Paleocene SBZs is summarized as follows. The SBZ 1 is constrained to the first 1.09 m.y. of the Paleocene; this first Paleogene biozone lacks distinct larger foraminifera biomarkers and thus is defined by an association of non-exclusive taxa composed of Valvulineria patalaensis, Stomatorbina? binkhorsti, P.? antiqua and Bangiana hanseni. The SBZ 2 now appears as the biozone encompassing most of the Danian stage (from ca. 64.91 m.y. to 61.6 m.y.), and is characterized by the association of Haymanella elongata, Haymanella paleocenica, Kayseriella decastroi, Rotospirella conica, Pyrenerotalia depressa, Elazigina dienii and Paralockhartia eos. The SBZ 2-SBZ 3 boundary coincides with the base of the Selandian stage (ca. 61.6 m.y.). The SBZ 3 biozone is defined by Glomalveolina primaeva, Periloculina slovenica, Vania anatolica, Coskinon rajkae, Fallotella alavensis, Cribrobulimina carniolica, Miscellanea yvettae, Miscellanea juliettae, Miscellanites primitivus, Miscellanites minutus, Ranikothalia soldadensis, Nummulites heberti and Discocyclina seunesi. The SBZ 3-SBZ 4 boundary is now ascribed to ca. 57.2 m.y. The SBZ 4 biozone appears characterized by Glomalveolina levis, Alveolina korresensis, Hottingerina lukasi, Daviesina garumnensis, Assilina yvettae, Assilina azilensis and Nummulites catari. The SBZ 4-SBZ 5 boundary is placed at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary event (ca. 56.0 m.y.)

Paleocene Larger Foraminifera from the Pyrenean Basin with a recalibration of the Paleocene Shallow Benthic Zones

A taxonomic study of the Paleocene larger foraminifera from the Pyrenean basin has led to the description of sixty taxa including two new species: Alveolina korresensis and Valvulineria bacetai. In this work, we present a chronostratigraphic recalibration of the Paleocene Shallow Benthic Zones SBZ 1 to SBZ 4 based on correlation with calcareous nannofossil and planktic foraminifera biozones, all integrated within the stratigraphic framework of Paleocene platform to basin depositional sequences established for the whole Pyrenean domain. The samples were collected in autochtonous and parautochtonous deposits from ten key stratigraphic sections, representative of coastal to platform margin depositional settings. The results from two sections representing base of slope facies with intercalations of calcareous turbidites, which include penecontemporaneous platform-derived biota have been integrated in the study. The regional chronostratigraphic framework is derived from magneto-biochronological studies carried out in the Zumaia section, the global reference section for the Danian-Selandian and Selandian-Thanetian GSSPs. A new calibration of the Paleocene SBZs is proposed. The SBZ 1 is constrained to the first 1.09m.y. of the Paleocene; this first Paleogene biozone lacks distinct larger foraminiferal markers and thus is defined by an association of non-exclusive taxa composed of Valvulineria patalaensis, Stomatorbina? binkhorsti, Planorbulina? antiqua and Bangiana hanseni. The SBZ 2 now appears as the biozone encompassing most of the Danian stage (from ca. 64.9m.a. to 61.6m.a.), and is characterized by the association of Haymanella elongata, Haymanella paleocenica, Kayseriella decastroi, Rotospirella conica, Pyrenerotalia depressa, Elazigin dienii, Ornatononion moorkensii and Paralockhartia eos. The SBZ 2-SBZ 3 boundary coincides with the base of the Selandian stage (ca. 61.6m.a.). The SBZ 3 biozone is defined by the occurrence of Glomalveolina primaeva, Periloculina slovenica, Vania anatolica, Coskinon rajkae, Fallotella alavensis, Cribrobulimina carniolica, Miscellanea yvettae, Miscellanea juliettae, Miscellanites primitivus, Miscellanites minutus, Ranikothalia soldadensis, “Operculina” heberti and Discocyclina seunesi. The SBZ 3-SBZ 4 boundary is now ascribed to ca. 57.2m.a. The SBZ 4 biozone appears characterized by Glomalveolina levis, Alveolina korresensis, Hottingerina lukasi, Daviesina garumnensis, Assilina yvettae, Assilina azilensis and Nummulites catari. The SBZ 4-SBZ 5 boundary is placed at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary event (ca. 56.0m.a.)

Sobre el origen del Mapa Geológico de España. El Mapa Geognóstico de los alrededores de Burgos de Felipe Naranjo y Garza (1841)

En el año 1841 se publicó en la revista Anales de Minas, acompañando a una memoria explicativa sobre la geología y minería de la provincia de Burgos, una cartografía geológica a escala próxima a 1:350.000. En el mapa se definen ya los tres principales rasgos litoestructurales que forman la geología de la provincia de Burgos. La memoria, por su parte, además de la geología, incide en la minería de la zona estudiada, en la que destaca la descripción de las salinas de Poza de la Sal. El autor, Felipe Naranjo y Garza (1809-1877), fue uno de los primeros ingenieros de minas españoles que, desde los múltiples puestos que desempeñó en la administración, destacó por su contribución al desarrollo de la geología en España y en sus intentos de modernizar la industria minera. En el presente trabajo pretendemos dar a conocer esta precoz cartografía geológica y analizar dicha obra científica situándola en el contexto en que se encontraba la geología española en la primera mitad del siglo XLX

Unidades estratigráficas genéticas del margen septentrional de la Cuenca de Organyá (Unidad de Senyús, Aptiense superior, Pirineo Central)

This paper focuses in the sedimentary history during the upper Aptian of the distensive Organyà Basin, now preserved in the Boixols thrust. The upper Aptian succession has been divided in seven parasequences bounded by flooding surfaces, which allow us to interpret them as genetic stratigraphic sequences. One of these surfaces is a hardground recognised all over the study area that marks a turnover in the stacking pattern of the parasequences. Thus, the four parasequences situated below this limit show an agradational pattern, whereas the three upper ones show a progradational trend. These changes in accomodation space are related to the tectonic activity: pulses of high activity causes flooding of the carbonate platform. So that different tectonic pulses given rise to distinct parasequences. The internal sedimentary organisation of each parasequence differs from ramp without bars to ramp with bars or buildups, that in some cases enclose lagoon environments

Losartan metabolite EXP3179 blocks NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production by inhibiting protein kinase C: potential clinical implications in hypertension

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The NADPH oxidase constitutes a major source of superoxide anion in phagocytic cells, and its activation is associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion by these cells. We investigated the effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan and its metabolites (EXP3174 and EXP3179) on NADPH oxidase activity and MMP-9 secretion in human phagocytic cells. EXP3179, but not losartan and EXP3174, dose-dependently inhibited (P<0.05) phorbol myristate acetate and insulin-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity. EXP3179 also inhibited phorbol myristate acetate-induced NADPH oxidase in endothelial cells. In addition, EXP3179 inhibited (P<0.05) both phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated p47phox translocation from cytosol to membranes and protein kinase C activity. Affinity experiments and enzymatic assays confirmed that EXP3179 inhibited several protein kinase C isoforms. EXP3179 also inhibited (P<0.05) phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated MMP-9 secretion. In a study performed in 153 hypertensive patients, phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity was lower (P<0.05) in losartan-treated compared with untreated patients and in patients treated with other angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists or with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Plasma levels of MMP-9 were lower (P<0.05) in losartan-treated hypertensives compared with the other group of patients. Thus, EXP3179 acts as a blocker of the NADPH oxidase in phagocytic cells by a potential mechanism that targets the protein kinase C signaling pathway. This effect can be involved in reduced MMP-9 secretion by these cells. It is proposed that the EXP3179 metabolite may confer to losartan the specific capacity to reduce oxidative stress mediated by phagocytic cells in hypertensive patients

Redefinition of the Ilerdian Stage (early Eocene)

The Ilerdian Stage was created by Hottinger and Schaub in 1960 to accommodate a significant phase in the evolution of larger foraminifera not recorded in the northern European basins, and has since been adopted by most researchers working on shallow marine early Paleogene deposits of the Tethys domain. One of the defining criteria of the stage is a major turnover of larger foraminifera, marked by the FO’s of Alveolina vredenburgi (formerly A. cucumiformis) and Nummulites fraasi. There is now conclusive evidence that this turnover was coeval with the onset of the Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) and, consequently, with the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary, a temporal correspondence that reinforces the usefulness of the Ilerdian as a chronostratigraphic subdivision of the early Eocene in a regional context. However, in addition to the paleontological criteria, the definition of the Ilerdian was also based on the designation of two reference sections in the southern Pyrenees: Tremp (stratotype) and Campo (parastratotype). In both sections, the base of the stage was placed at the lowest marine bed containing A. vredenburgi specimens. Using the CIE as a correlation tool we demonstrate that these two marine beds occur at different chronological levels, being older in Campo than in Tremp. Further, we show that both beds are in turn younger than the lowest strata with Ilerdian larger foraminifera at the deep-water Ermua section in the Basque Basin (western Pyrenees). Since the age of stage boundaries must be the same everywhere, the choice of these stratotype sections was misleading, since in practice it resulted in the Ilerdian being used as a facies term rather than as a chronostratigraphic unit. To eliminate that conflict, and yet be respectful with established tradition, we propose to redefine the Ilerdian Stage following a procedure similar to the one used by the International Commission on Stratigraphy to establish global chronostratigraphic standards, namely: by using a “silver spike” to be placed in the Tremp section at the base of the Claret Conglomerate, a widespread lithological unit that in the Tremp Graus Basin coincides with the onset of the CIE. The redefined regional Ilerdian Stage becomes thus directly correlatable to the lower part of the global Ypresian Stage, as currently defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy

MANAGEMENT PROPERTIES AND PROCEDURES IN THE INFORMATION MODEL OF THE HISTORIC BUILDING HBIM ON BUILDING FACADES

Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) has become the ideal tool for professionals studying building conservation and restoration. The BIM model allows one to identify structural deformations following three-dimensionally resolved models. In addition, this methodology is specifically designed to register parametric construction models, as an information manager by adding semantic components to the model, including information on the different transformations of the historical artefact, and allowing continuous progress in the building's life cycle. In this work, graphic information and data related to conservation projects are compiled that allow a management of all the documentation integrated in the same Project, from all the disciplinary fields related to the heritage conservation and rehabilitation process. Specifically, from the geometric identification and the restoration documents, it is intended to develop an experimental application where both terrestrial laser scanning records and the use of image processing routines can allow automatic operations to monitor alterations in façades, in order to subsequent control by conservation experts. For this, a building with certain characteristics has been chosen, such as the Miguel de Mañara palace in the city of Seville. A building that has a main façade of 43.30 metres in length by 6.75 metres in height and, in which its façade rotates in an angled guideline to adapt to the urban planning of the time. The analysis is based on the applicability of two segmentation algorithms and the construction of the multilayer enclosure model where the different stratigraphies of the results obtained are exposed