Life in the Spirit: An Overview of Lesslie Newbigin’s Pneumatology of Mission

British missionary Lesslie Newbigin (1909-1998) was a highly influential missionary theologian, a bishop in the Church of South India, and a leader in the twentieth century ecumenical movement. His writings regarding the missionary nature of the church, the engagement of the post-Christendom West as a mission field, and the theological understanding of mission from a Trinitarian perspective have been foundational for both the missional and emerging church movements. This article presents an overview of one aspect of Newbigin’s thought, which, though constituting a key element of his Trinitarian theology of mission, has often been overlooked—his grasp of the role of the Holy Spirit in mission. This author asserts that Newbigin’s pneumatology of mission can help the church, particularly in the West, to understand more clearly how it is to relate to the Holy Spirit as it seeks to participate with God in His mission

Establishing a Multibeam Sonar Evaluation Test Bed near Sidney, British Columbia

The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and the Ocean Mapping Group of the University of New Brunswick (OMG) collaborated on establishing a multibeam sonar test bed in the vicinity of the Institute of Ocean Sciences in Sidney, British Columbia Canada. This paper describes the purpose of the sonar evaluation test bed, the trials and tribulations of two foreign governments collaborating on projects of mutual interest, the evaluation areas and their characteristics for sonar testing, and sample results of sonar evaluations using this test bed. Some target detection comparisons of several systems over a range of artificial sonar targets will also be given

Challenges of modelling a complex multi-aquifer groundwater system at a national scale: case study from the UK

Modelling of the UK groundwater system, composed of multiple discrete aquifers, is undertaken to help assess water resources at the national scale. This groundwater system is made of the major aquifers that overlie each other in some places but which are nonetheless not in a hydraulic contact, and the minor aquifers formed in the superficial deposits. While the major aquifers are not in the direct contact, they are linked by the river network and may exchange water thanks to the aquifer-river interaction processes. In this paper we present a numerical model of this complex system, which is not as demanding to build and run as a fully distributed multi-layered model. The model represents the three most important UK aquifers: Chalk, Jurassic Limestone, and Permo-Triassic Sandstone as separate layers discretized using square buckets that are connected horizontally. These layers are connected to the river network and receive recharge through the buckets that represent their outcrops. An extra layer is also added to represent the minor and non-aquifers. The model was tested at 37 gauging stations distributed across the country. Good fit to the observations was obtained in the steady state run. Further work will include incorporation of abstractions and additional model refinement to represent spatial heterogeneity

A Submillimeter Survey of Gravitationally Lensed Quasars

Submillimeter (and in some cases millimeter) wavelength continuum measurements are presented for a sample of 40 active galactic nuclei (probably all quasars) lensed by foreground galaxies. The object of this study is to use the lensing boost, anywhere from ~3- 20 times, to detect dust emission from more typical AGNs than the extremely luminous ones currently accessible without lensing. The sources are a mix of radio loud and radio quiet quasars, and, after correction for synchrotron radation (in the few cases where necessary), 23 of the 40 (58%) are detected in dust emission at 850um; 11 are also detected at 450um. Dust luminosities and masses are derived after correction for lensing magnification, and luminosities are plotted against redshift from z = 1 to z = 4.4, the redshift range of the sample. The main conclusions are (1) Monochromatic submillimeter luminosities of quasars are, on average, only a few times greater than those of local IRAS galaxies; (2) Radio quiet and radio loud quasars do not differ significantly in their dust lumimosity; (3) Mean dust luminosities of quasars and radio galaxies over the same redshift range are comparable; (4) Quasars and radio galaxies alike show evidence for more luminous and massive dust sources toward higher redshift, consistent with an early epoch of formation and possibly indicating that the percentage of obscured AGNs increases with redshift.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, uses aastex.cls and emulateapj5.st

Asymmetry During Maximal Sprint Performance in 11- to 16-Year-Old Boys

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of age and maturation upon magnitude of asymmetry in the force, stiffness and the spatiotemporal determinants of maximal sprint speed in a large cohort of boys. Methods: 344 boys between the ages of 11 and 16 years completed an anthropometric assessment and a 35 m sprint test, during which sprint performance was recorded via a ground-level optical measurement system. Maximal sprint velocity, as well as asymmetry in spatiotemporal variables, modeled force and stiffness data were established for each participant. For analysis, participants were grouped into chronological age, maturation and percentile groups. Results: The range of mean asymmetry across age groups and variables was 2.3–12.6%. The magnitude of asymmetry in all the sprint variables was not significantly different across age and maturation groups (p > .05), except relative leg stiffness (p < .05). No strong relationships between asymmetry in sprint variables and maximal sprint velocity were evident (rs < .39). Conclusion: These results provide a novel benchmark for the expected magnitude of asymmetry in a large cohort of uninjured boys during maximal sprint performance. Asymmetry in sprint performance is largely unaffected by age or maturation and no strong relationships exist between the magnitude of asymmetry and maximal sprint velocity

Maximal sprint speed in boys of increasing maturity

The purpose of this study was to examine the natural development of the mechanical features of sprint performance in relation to maturation within a large cohort of boys. Three hundred and thirty-six boys (11–15 years) were analyzed for sprint performance and maturation. Maximal speed, stride length (SL), stride frequency (SF), flight time (FT) and contact time (CT) were assessed during a 30m sprint. Five maturation groups (G1–5) were established based on age from peak height velocity (PHV) where G1=>2.5years pre-PHV, G2 = 2.49–1.5years pre-PHV, G3 = 1.49–0.5years pre-PHV, G4 = 0.49years pre- to 0.5years post-PHV and G5 = 0.51–1.5years post-PHV. There was no difference in maximal speed between G1, G2 and G3 but those in G4 and G5 were significantly faster (p .05). SF decreased while CT increased (both p .05) were observed for either variable between G3, G4 and G5. While G1–3 increased their SL, concomitant decreases in SF and increases in CT prevented them from improving maximal speed. Maximal sprint speed appears to develop around and post-PHV as SF and CT begin to stabilize, with increases in maximal sprint speed in maturing boys being underpinned by increasing SL