139 research outputs found
Social competence and emotional comprehension: How are they related in children?
The developmental progression of emotional competence in childhood provides
a robust evidence for its relation to social competence and important adjustment outcomes.
This study aimed to analyze how this association is established in middle childhood. For
this purpose, we tested 182 Portuguese children aged between 8 and 11 years, of 3rd and 4th
grades, in public schools. Firstly, for assessing social competence we used an instrument
directed to children using critical social situations within the relationships with peers in
the school context - Socially in Action-Peers (SAp) (Rocha, Candeias & Lopes da Silva,
2012); children were assessed by three sources: themselves, their peers and their teacher.
Secondly, we assessed childrenâs emotional understanding, individually, with the Test of
Emotion Comprehension (Pons & Harris, 2002; Pons, Harris & Rosnay, 2004). Relations
between social competence levels (in a composite score and using self, peers and teachersâ
scores) and emotional comprehension components (comprehension of the recognition of
emotions, based on facial expressions; external emotional causes; contribute of desire to
emotion; emotions based on belief; memory influence under emotional state evaluation;
possibility of emotional regulation; possibility of hiding an emotional state; having mixed
emotions; contribution of morality to emotion experience) were investigated by means of
two SSA (Similarity Structure Analysis) - a Multidimensional Scaling procedure and the
external variable as points technique. In the first structural analysis (SSA) we will consider
self, peers and teachersâ scores on Social Competence as content variables and TEC as
external variable; in the second SSA we will consider TEC components as content variables
and Social Competence in their different levels as external variable. The implications of
these MDS procedures in order to better understand how social competence and emotional
comprehension are related in children is discussed, as well as the repercussions of these
findings for social competence and emotional understanding assessment and intervention
in childhood is examined
Test of Emotion Comprehension: Exploring the underlying structure through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Similarity Structure Analysis
Some decades of research on emotional development have underlined the
contribution of several domains to emotional understanding in childhood. Based on
this research, Pons and colleagues (Pons & Harris, 2002; Pons, Harris & Rosnay,
2004) have proposed the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) which assesses nine
domains of emotional understanding, namely the recognition of emotions, based on
facial expressions; the comprehension of external emotional causes; impact of desire
on emotions; emotions based on beliefs; memory influence on emotions; possibility of
emotional regulation; possibility of hiding an emotional state; having mixed emotions;
contribution of morality to emotional experiences. This instrument was administered
individually to 182 Portuguese children aged between 8 and 11 years, of 3rd and 4th
grades, in public schools. Additionally, we used the Socially in Action-Peers (SAp)
(Rocha, Candeias & Lopes da Silva, 2012) to assess TECâs criterion-related validity.
Mean differences results in TEC by gender and by socio-economic status (SES) were
analyzed. The results of the TECâs psychometric analysis were performed in terms of
itemsâ sensitivity and reliability (stability, test-retest). Finally, in order to explore the
theoretical structure underlying TEC a Confirmatory Factor Analysis and a Similarity
Structure Analysis were computed. Implications of these findings for emotional
understanding assessment and intervention in childhood are discussed
Test of Emotional Comprehension: Exploring the underlying structure through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Similarity Structure Analysis.
Some decades of research on emotional development have underlined the contribution of several domains to emotional understanding in childhood. Based on this research, Pons and colleagues (Pons & Harris, 2002; Pons, Harris & Rosnay, 2004) have proposed the Test of Emotional Comprehension (TEC) which assesses nine domains of emotional understanding, namely the recognition of emotions, based on facial expressions; the comprehension of external emotional causes; impact of desire on emotions; emotions based on beliefs; memory influence on emotions; possibility of emotional regulation; possibility of hiding an emotional state; having mixed emotions; contribution of morality to emotional experiences. This instrument was administered individually to 182 Portuguese children aged between 8 and 11 years, of 3rd and 4th grades, in public schools. Additionally, we used the Socially in Action-Peers (SAp) (Rocha, Candeias & Lopes da Silva, 2012) to assess TECâs criterion-related validity. Mean differences results in TEC by gender and by socio-economic status (SES) were analyzed. The results of the TECâs psychometric analysis were performed in terms of itemsâ sensitivity and reliability (stability, test-retest). Finally, in order to explore the theoretical structure underlying TEC a Confirmatory Factor Analysis and a Similarity Structure Analysis were computed. Implications of these findings for emotional understanding assessment and intervention in childhood are discussed
O nĂvel de escolaridade dos pais interfere na permanĂȘncia dos filhos na escola? || Does parental education level interferes with the permanence of children in school?
The aim of this study is to verify whether the level of education of parents (father and mother) of nuclear family, single-parent, reconstituted and absent fathers is a determining factor for school dropout among adolescents in development for the training. In this perspective, 504 students were investigated (between 15 and 17 years) studying in Brazilian state school and their parents (father / mother). The results show that low educational level of parents (father / mother) directly affects the continuity of children's studies, an adverse problem and a major impact in Brazilian lower classes.O objetivo deste estudo Ă© verificar se o nĂvel de escolaridade dos pais (pai e mĂŁe) de famĂlia nuclear, monoparental, reconstituĂda e pais ausentes Ă© um fator determinante para a desistĂȘncia escolar de adolescentes brasileiros em desenvolvimento formativo. Nesta perspectiva, foram analisados alunos (entre os 15 e 17 anos) do ensino mĂ©dio pĂșblico brasileiro e os seus pais (pai/ mĂŁe). Os resultados apontam que o nĂvel de escolaridade baixa dos pais (pai/mĂŁe) interfere diretamente na continuidade dos estudos dos filhos, um problema prejudicial e de grandes repercussĂ”es nas classes desfavorecidas brasileiras
A Representação Social do Conhecimento: Explorando as razÔes para aprender e as razÔes para não aprender
Neste trabalho, exploramos uma sĂ©rie de hipĂłteses especĂficas com o objetivo de entender a transmissĂŁo intergeracional de status social e educacional. A perspectiva geral proposta aqui Ă© que este fenĂŽmeno resulta de um processo de socialização que Ă© simultaneamente cognitivo e social. Crianças de NSE baixo e mĂ©dio constroem mundos consensuais diferentes que dĂŁo Ă s crianças de NSE mĂ©dio razĂ”es para aprender e Ă s crianças de classe baixa razĂ”es para nĂŁo aprender na escola. As diferenças que antecipamos encontrar nĂŁo estĂŁo nas crenças gerais sobre o valor da educação, mas nas suas representaçÔes especĂficas de estratificação social e educacional, sua identidade neste mundo social e os tipos de conhecimentos nos quais se considere valga a pena investir, em função da identidade
What if cancer survival in Britain were the same as in Europe: how many deaths are avoidable?
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the number of deaths among cancer patients diagnosed in Great Britain that would be avoidable within 5 years of diagnosis if the mean (or highest) survival in Europe for patients diagnosed during 1985-1989, 1990-1994 and 1995-1999 were achieved. DESIGN: Five-year relative survival for cancers in Great Britain compared with that from other countries in the EUROCARE-2, -3 and -4 studies. Calculation of excess deaths (those more than expected from mortality in the general population) that would be avoidable among cancer patients in Britain if relative survival were the same as in Europe. SETTING: Great Britain (England, Wales, Scotland) and 13 other European countries. SUBJECTS: 2.8 million adults diagnosed in Britain with 1 of 39 cancers during 1985-1989 (followed up to 1994), 1990-1994 (followed up to 1999) and 1995-1999 (followed up to 2003). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Annual number of avoidable deaths within 5 years of diagnosis. Percentage of the excess (cancer-related) deaths among cancer patients that would be avoidable. RESULTS: Compared with the mean European 5-year relative survival, the largest numbers of avoidable deaths for patients diagnosed during 1985-1989 were for cancers of the breast (about 18% of the excess mortality from this cancer, 7541 deaths), prostate (14%, 4285), colon (9%, 4090), stomach (8%, 3483) and lung (2%, 3548). For 1990-1994, the largest numbers of avoidable deaths were for cancers of the prostate (20%, 7335), breast (15%, 6165), colon (9%, 4376), stomach (9%, 3672), lung (2%, 3735) and kidney (22%, 2644). For 1995-1999, most of the avoidable deaths were for cancers of the prostate (17%, 5758), breast (15%, 5475), lung (3%, 4923), colon (10%, 4295), stomach (9%, 3137) and kidney (21%, 2686).Overall, some 6600-7500 premature deaths would have been avoided each year among cancer patients diagnosed in Britain during 1985-1999 if the mean survival in Europe had been achieved. This represents 6-7% of cancer-related mortality. Compared with the highest European survival, avoidable premature mortality among cancer patients fell from about 12 800 deaths a year (12.2% of cancer-related mortality) to about 11 400 deaths a year (10.6%) over the same period.A large component of the avoidable mortality is due to prostate cancer: excluding this cancer from comparison with the European mean survival reduces the annual number of avoidable deaths by 1000-1500, and the percentage of excess mortality by up to 1%. Compared with the highest survival, the annual number of avoidable deaths would be 1500-2000 fewer, and 1-2% lower as a percentage of excess mortality, but the overall trend in avoidable premature mortality among cancer patients would be similar, falling from 11.4% (1985-1989) to 10.3% (1990-1994) and 9.7% for those diagnosed during 1995-1999.For several cancers, survival in Britain was slightly higher than the mean survival in Europe; this represented some 110-180 premature deaths avoided each year during the period 1985-2003. CONCLUSIONS: Avoidable premature mortality among cancer patients diagnosed in Britain during 1985-1999 has represented 6-7% of cancer-related mortality compared with the mean survival in Europe. Compared with the highest levels of survival in Europe, the reduction from 12.2% to 10.6% of cancer-related mortality reflects small but steady progress over the period 1985-2003
Lower incidence rates but thicker melanomas in Eastern Europe before 1992: A comparison with Western Europe
The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of melanoma across Europe with regard to Breslow thickness and body-site distribution. Incidence data from Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents and the EUROCARE-melanoma database were used: 28 117 melanoma cases from 20 cancer registries in 12 European countries, diagnosed between 1978 and 1992. Regression analysis and general linear modelling were used to analyse the data. Melanomas in Eastern Europe were on average 1.4 mm thicker (P<0.05) than in Western Europe and appeared more often on the trunk. From 1978 to 1992, their Breslow thickness had decreased in Western but not Eastern Europe. There was a latitude gradient in incidence, with highest rates in southern regions in Eastern Europe and an inverse gradient in Western Europe, with highest rates in the North. Mortality:incidence ratios were less favourable in southern parts across Europe, especially in Eastern Europe. If Eastern European populations copy the sunbathing behaviour of the West it is likely that in the near future a higher melanoma incidence can be expected there
Autoestima e desempenho escolar em matemåtica: contribuiçÔes teóricas sobre a problematização das relaçÔes entre cognição e afetividade
Vitalism in contemporary chiropractic: a help or a hinderance?
Background: Chiropractic emerged in 1895 and was promoted as a viable health care substitute in direct competition with the medical profession. This was an era when there was a belief that one cause and one cure for all disease would be discovered. The chiropractic version was a theory that most diseases were caused by subluxated (slightly displaced) vertebrae interfering with ânerve vibrationsâ (a supernatural, vital force) and could be cured by adjusting (repositioning) vertebrae, thereby removing the interference with the bodyâs inherent capacity to heal. DD Palmer, the originator of chiropractic, established chiropractic based on vitalistic principles. Anecdotally, the authors have observed that many chiropractors who overtly claim to be âvitalistsâ cannot define the term. Therefore, we sought the origins of vitalism and to examine its effects on chiropractic today. Discussion: Vitalism arose out of human curiosity around the biggest questions: Where do we come from? What is life? For some, life was derived from an unknown and unknowable vital force. For others, a vital force was a placeholder, a piece of knowledge not yet grasped but attainable. Developments in science have demonstrated there is no longer a need to invoke vitalistic entities as either explanations or hypotheses for biological phenomena. Nevertheless, vitalism remains within chiropractic. In this examination of vitalism within chiropractic we explore the history of vitalism, vitalism within chiropractic and whether a vitalistic ideology is compatible with the legal and ethical requirements for registered health care professionals such as chiropractors. Conclusion: Vitalism has had many meanings throughout the centuries of recorded history. Though only vaguely defined by chiropractors, vitalism, as a representation of supernatural force and therefore an untestable hypothesis, sits at the heart of the divisions within chiropractic and acts as an impediment to chiropractic legitimacy, cultural authority and integration into mainstream health care
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