Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Mangrove Ecosystem, Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan

Mangrove forest in Kutai National Park (KNP) is considered as nature-protected ecosystem. This forest ecosystem has high productivity ecosystem roles as feeding source, spawning and conservation area for water organism living in this surrounding area such as fishes, crustacean, mollusk and others. At the mangrove floor, mangrove is a benthic ecosystem that utilizes organic material either produced from mangrove itself or land sedimentation. This research was conducted using quadrant transect method with 10 observation stations. Collected data were identified, summed and analyzed. Community structure was analyzed by determining the diversity index, homogenous index and dominant index. The research showed that Makrozoobenthos found at the research location was 17 species which divided into 12 families and 3 classes. The smallest number was found in Lombok Bay (station number 8) with 6 species. The largest number was found in Perancis Cape (station number 9) with 15 species. The diversity index of community structure ranged from 1,7 to 2,4. This indicated that the community diversity was at moderate level (1,5<N<3) with good homogenous index 0,8-

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LARUTAN SUKROSA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI MINUMAN SINBIOTIK EKSTRAK CINCAU HIJAU SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA SUHU DINGIN

Sinbiotic drinks have a very acidic taste, so it is necessary to add sucrose solution to get the best taste. This study aims to determine the effect of adding 65% (v/v) sucrose solution to changes in antibacterial activity of green grass jelly synbiotic drinks during storage in cold temperatures. The finished green grass jelly synbiotic product was given two different treatments, namely the product without the addition of sucrose solution and product with the addition of 10% (v/v) of 65% (b/v) sucrose solution. The product was stored for 28 days at a cold temperature of ± 10oC. Observations were carried out every 7 days for antibacterial activity, pH, total acid, and total lactic acid bacteria. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Bacillus cereus, and Eschericia coli. The results showed that the antibacterial activity, pH, and total lactic acid bacteria of green grass jelly synbiotic drinks both without and with the addition of 65% (b/v) sucrose as much as 10% (v/v) reduced during storage at cold temperatures, while total acid increases. There was no significant difference between the antibacterial activity and the characteristics of the green grass jelly synbiotic drink given 65% sucrose solution and without the addition of 65% sucrose solution. Thus the study concluded that the addition of 65% sucrose solution to increase the preference for the product did not significantly affect the change in antibacterial activity of the green grass jelly synbiotic beverage during storage in cold temperatures.Minuman sinbiotik memiliki rasa yang sangat asam sehingga dibutuhkan penambahan larutan sukrosa untuk mendapatkan rasa yang disukai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan larutan sukrosa 65% (v/v) terhadap perubahan aktivitas antibakteri minuman sinbiotik cincau hijau selama penyimpanan pada suhu dingin. Produk sinbiotik cincau hijau yang sudah jadi diberi dua perlakuan berbeda, yaitu produk tanpa penambahan larutan sukrosa dan produk dengan penambahan 10% (v/v) larutan sukrosa 65% (b/v). Produk tersebut disimpan selama 28 hari pada suhu dingin ±10oC. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 7 hari sekali terhadap aktivitas antibakteri, pH, total asam, dan total bakteri asam laktat. Aktivitas antibakteri dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri patogen meliputi S. aureus, Salmonella sp., Bacillus cereus, dan E. coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama penyimpanan pada suhu dingin aktivitas antibakteri, pH, dan total bakteri asam laktat minuman sinbiotik cincau hijau baik dengan maupun tanpa penambahan larutan sukrosa 65% (b/v) sebanyak 10% (v/v) berkurang selama penyimpanan, sedangkan total asam meningkat. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas antibakteri dan karakteristik minuman sinbiotik cincau hijau yang diberi larutan sukrosa 65% dengan tanpa penambahan larutan sukrosa 65%. Dengan demikian penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penambahan sebanyak 10% larutan sukrosa 65% yang dilakukan tidak secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan aktivitas antibakteri selama penyimpanan pada suhu dingin

Robust superhydrophobic cellulose nanofiber aerogel for multifunctional environmental applications

The fabrication of superadsorbent for dye adsorption is a hot research area at present. However, the development of low-cost and highly efficient superadsorbents against toxic textile dyes is still a big challenge. Here, we fabricated hydrophobic cellulose nanofiber aerogels from cellulose nanofibers through an eco-friendly silanization reaction in liquid phase, which is an extremely efficient, rapid, cheap, and environmentally friendly procedure. Moreover, the demonstrated eco-friendly silanization technique is easy to commercialize at the industrial level. Most of the works that have reported on the hydrophobic cellulose nanofiber aerogels explored their use for the elimination of oil from water. The key novelty of the present work is that the demonstrated hydrophobic cellulose nanofibers aerogels could serve as superadsorbents against toxic textile dyes such as crystal violet dye from water and insulating materials for building applications. Here, we make use of the possible hydrophobic interactions between silane-modified cellulose nanofiber aerogel and crystal violet dye for the removal of the crystal violet dye from water. With a 10 mg/L of crystal violet (CV) aqueous solution, the silane-modified cellulose nanofiber aerogel showed a high adsorption capacity value of 150 mg/g of the aerogel. The reason for this adsorption value was due to the short-range hydrophobic interaction between the silane-modified cellulose nanofiber aerogel and the hydrophobic domains in crystal violet dye molecules. Additionally, the fabricated silane-modified cellulose nanofiber hydrophobic aerogels exhibited a lower thermal conductivity value of 0.037 W\ub7m -1 K -1 , which was comparable to and lower than the commercial insulators such as mineral wools (0.040 W\ub7m -1 K -1 ) and polystyrene foams (0.035 W\ub7m -1 K -1 ). We firmly believe that the demonstrated silane-modified cellulose nanofiber aerogel could yield an eco-friendly adsorbent that is agreeable to adsorbing toxic crystal violet dyes from water as well as active building thermal insulators

Barrier properties of biocomposites/hybrid films

There are available reports on the barrier properties of composites; however, with highly focused research in this field, there is a need to reevaluate the findings and current trends. Hybrid composites are a mixture of inorganic and organic components at the nanometer or molecular level, whereas, biocomposites are formed by reinforcing natural fibers into a matrix to improve their properties, including barrier characteristics. Such composites can be used for many applications, including packaging, to maintain the quality of products. Thus, the barrier properties of films are important characteristics. This chapter discusses the parameters that influence the barrier properties of composites such as the pore size, chemical structure, free volume, and crystallinity of the polymer. The aims of this chapter are to provide comprehensive knowledge about factors affecting the permeability and preparation methodology, the types of composites, and the types of barrier characteristics including oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and aroma, and to present the potential applications of such hybrid films

Enhancement of the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxy-based bamboo nanofiber nanocomposites

Epoxy-based nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, and 2% cellulose nanofibers (CNF) through a hand lay-up technique. The influence of the CNF as a reinforcement material on the morphology, and the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, void content, water absorption, tensile, flexural, impact strength, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compatibility between the nano-reinforcement and epoxy matrix was confirmed using SEM, which demonstrated that the CNF was homogeneously dispersed throughout the epoxy matrix. The mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing the CNF loading up to 1%. Moreover, the incorporation of CNF into the composites reduced the water uptake of the substrates in the water absorption test and resulted in a high thermal stability when exposed to a high temperature. Bamboo-CNF could be used as a potential reinforcement material to improve the properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites

Interoperability in the Indonesian Air Force Zero ... | Samsul Rizal and Safril Hidayat | 103 Interoperability in the Indonesian Air Force Zero Accident Policy

The Zero Accident Policy is a priority of the Indonesian Air Force to reduce accidents and incidents in the aircraft operations of the Indonesian Air Force. Implementation of the policy can reduce the number of accidents and incidents that can cause casualties and Air Force Weapon System. However, the policy implementation is still done manually so that interoperability cannot be realized in implementing the policy. Using the interoperability business process approach, an analysis of the implementation of the Zero Accident Policy is carried out. This study uses a qualitative research design with primary data sources through purposive sampling. The results showed that the implementation of the policy using the interoperability system in the Zero Accident Policy had not been carried out by the Air Force sub organizations. This study recommends the use of application in order to realize the interoperability in the implementation of Zero Accident Policy

Interoperability dalam Kebijakan Zero Accident TNI Au

Kebijakan zero accident merupakan program prioritas TNI AU untuk mengurangi kecelakaan (accident) dan insiden (incident) dalam operasional pesawat TNI AU. Implementasi kebijakan dapat menekan jumlah kecelakaan maupun insiden yang dapat menimbulkan korban jiwa dan Alutsista TNI AU. Namun demikian, implementasi kebijakan masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga belum dapat diwujudkan interoperability dalam implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan interoperability business process dilakukan analisis terhadap implementasi kebijakan zero accident. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan sumber data primer melalui narasumber terpilih (purposive sampling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan dengan menggunakan sistem yang interoperability dalam kebijakan zero accident belum dilakukan oleh sub organisasi TNI AU. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan aplikasi agar dapat mewujudkan interoperability dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan zero accident

Analisis Tingkat Risiko Penyaluran Kredit Usaha Rakyat (Kur) dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Gowa

This study uses Descriptive analysis and Credit Risk analysis using quantitative methods. Used to determine the level of risk of Kedit KUR at PT. SulselBar Bank, Gowa Branch. Data in the form of credit collectability reports, and data obtained in writing in the form of a general description of the company, namely data collection through direct interviews in the credit section with the problems examined at PT. Bank of Sulselbar Branch of Gowa.The results of the study concluded that non-performing loans (NPL) at PT. Bank Sulselbar, Gowa branch is classified as medium in accordance with the provisions of Bank Indonesia (BI). In the analysis of financial performance using ratio analysis consisting of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and profitability ratios. The results of the study concluded that those who experienced an increase were based on the percentage of the solvency and profitability ratios