An enhanced Multipath Strategy in Mobile Ad hoc Routing Protocols

The various routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks follow different strategies to send the information from one node to another. The nodes in the network are non static and they move randomly and are prone to link failure which makes always to find new routes to the destination. This research mainly focused on the study of the characteristics of multipath routing protocols in MANETS. Two of the multipath routing protocols were investigated and a comparative study along with simulation using NS2 was done between DSR and AODV to propose an enhanced approach to reach the destination maintaining the QoS. A possible optimization to the DSR and AODV routing protocols was proposed to make no node to be overburdened by distributing the load after finding the alternate multipath routes which were discovered in the Route discovery process. The simulation shows that the differences in the protocol highlighted major differences with the protocol performance. These differences have been analyzed with various network size, mobility, and network load. A new search table named Search of Next Node Enquiry Table (SONNET) was proposed to find the best neighbor node. Using SONNET the node selects the neighbor which can be reached in less number of hops and with less time delay and maintaining the QoS

A COMPREHENSIVE ACCOUNT ON THE INSECT DIVERSITY POTRAYED IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

Insects are one of the most fascinating groups of organisms that evolved some 300 million years back in the Devonian period. With the remarkable body structure, shape, and flight adaptability, Insects have outnumbered every other organism and become the dominant group of organism's earth has ever witnessed. Insects deliver a number of ecosystem services like pollination of flowering crops, as decomposers, vectors, pests, predators, etc. Since insects play an important role in human life; a number of Insects have been mentioned several times in the holy Quran. The present study is a review of the insects that have been described in the Quran. In the present era of large-scale industrialization, urbanization and many other factors like climate change, global warming, pesticide pollution; insect diversity is under a very serious threat and many species are on the verge of extinction and a number of species are threatened and vulnerable including some species of bees. Management and conservation of these precious species are need of the hour and cutting-edge strategies can save these insects from further decline

“Keeping the Faith or Not Keeping the Faith? is the Question in a Western Secular Society

Islam in the Western world has been one of the fastest and largest growing religions. However, many Muslims, including myself, have found it difficult to balance the lifestyles between following the path of Islam or straying away from the path. It was not easy for me to be a Muslim growing up in a small Midwest city during my childhood. Even though my parents taught me Islam well it was not the same without any Muslim my age except my sister and brother. After high school and moving to Macalester College, I thought I would be surrounded by a large Muslim community; but this was not the case. Since coming to college I have begun to question if I can keep my faith in a Western world. Tariq Ramadan, a Muslim scholar from Europe, believes that a Muslim can keep his faith in the Western world. On the contrary, there are many apostates, Muslims who deviated from Islam and never came back, believe Islam is not function with the Western lifestyle. This essay explores the torn feelings that many Muslims in the Western world feel daily with their faith in Islam and the Western lifestyle

Wittgenstein’s and islamic concept of religious belief

This paper is divided into two sections. In the first section I discuss the concept of religious beliefs according to Wittgenstein and Islam. In the second section of the paper I discuss the points of similarity between Islamic and Wittgenstein’s concepts of religious beliefs.Dr. Aamir Riyaz, Assistant Professor, Hans Raj College, Delhi University, IndiaHans Raj College, Delhi UniversityAl-Bukhari, Muhammad Muhsin Khan (Trans.), Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 1987.C. Barrett, Wittgenstein on Ethics and Religious Belief, Blackwell, 1991.N. Malcolm, Wittgenstein: A Religious point of View? London: Routledge, 1993.Mohd. Iqbal, Kulyat-e-Iqbal, Educational Publishing House, Delhi, 2005.Sahih Muslim, Abdul Hamid Siddiqi (trans.), Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 2000, Vol. 1; Ch. 2; H. 6.R. Rush (ed.), Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollection, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981.Vohra, Ashok, JICPR, Vol. XXIV.L. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1953.L.Wittgenstein, On Certainty, ed. by G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright, translated by Dennis Paul and G.E.M. Amscombe, NewYork and Evanston: J. & J. Harper Edition, 1968.L. Wittgenstein, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief, ed. C. Barrett, Oxford: Blackwell, 1969.361-3722736137