A Design of Digital Microfluidic Biochip along with Structural and Behavioural Features in Triangular Electrode Based Array

AbstractDigital microfluidic based biochip manoeuvres on the theory of microfluidic technology, having a broad variety of applications in chemistry, biology, environmental monitoring, military etc. Being concerned about the technological advancement in this domain, we have focused on equilateral triangular electrodes based DMFB systems. Accepting the associated design issues, here, we have addressed many facets of such electrodes regarding their structural and behavioural issues in comparison to the existing square electrodes. As the requisite voltage reduction is a key challenging design issues, to implement all the tasks using triangular electrodes that are possible in square electrode arrays as well, is a tedious job. Furthermore, to deal with this new design deploying triangular electrodes, we have analyzed all the necessary decisive factors including fluidic constraints to ensure safe droplet movements and other modular operations together with mixing and routing. Moreover, an algorithm has been developed to find a route for a given source and destination pair in this newly designed DMFB. Finally, we have included a comparative study between this new design and the existing one while encountering the above mentioned issues

Loneliness and Internet Addiction: A Correlative Analysis in the Context of Online Education among Young Adults

Due to pandemic online education has become the only accessible process to address diverse community in education system. It also compels students to use internet with unprescribed manner which leads to several usage of it at levels that can be called as internet addiction. On the other hand online education has excluded the social interaction process to virtual platforms with changing manner and characteristics. Due to this one can find himself/herself isolated and on the other hand who is reluctant of participation can find he/she secure. Thus with different dimensions of loneliness and a growing amount of internet addiction, the present study aims to find the primary relation between these two variables

Role of the energy of plastic deformation and the effect of loading rate on nanohardness of soda-lime-silica glass

The role of energy dissipated by plastic deformation during nanohardness testing of a soda-lime-silica glass with a Berkovich indenter for various peak loads (100-1000 mN) as a function of loading rate (1-1000 mN s(-1)) was examined. The maximum increase in nanohardness with loading rate was about 10%. The maximum rate of enhancement in nanohardness with loading rate, was found to occur up to a threshold loading rate (TLR) where a change of deformation mechanism happens. TLR was shown to be linked to the maximum in the relative amount of energy dissipated in plastic deformation which contributed to the enhancement of nanohardness. A new concept of inelastic deformation (IED) parameter was found to describe well the observed trend of nanohardness on loading rate. It was established further that the maximum magnitude of the IED parameter occurred when the relative amount of energy dissipated in plastic deformation during the nanoindentation process was also a maximum. Thus, the interrelation between the amount of energy dissipated in plastic deformation and the IED parameter could be utilized to suggest why the maximum rate of change in enhancement of nanohardness of the present glass with loading rate occurred at the TLR values

Enhancement in nanohardness of soda-lime-silica glass

For a thin commercial soda-lime-silica glass cover slip a significant increase in nanohardness (e.g. up to 74%) occurred with variations in the loading rate (10-20,000 mu N.s(-1)) along with presence of serrations in load-depth plots and deformation band formation inside the nanoindentation cavity. These results are explained in terms of shear stress acting at positions of structural weakness close to the tip of the nanoindenter and the time scale of interaction between the nanoindenter and the local microstructure of the glass. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

New observations in micro-pop-in issues in nanoindentation of coarse grain alumina

The present experiments were focused on nanoindentation behaviour and the attendant ``micro-pop-in'' in a dense (similar to 95% of theoretical) coarse-grain (similar to 20 mu m) alumina ceramic as a function of loading rate variations at three constant peak loads in the range of 10(5)-10(6) mu N. Based on the experimental results here we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, an increase in intrinsic nano scale contact resistance as well as the nanohardness with the loading rate. These observations were explained in terms of the correlation between the nanoscale plasticity and shear stress active just underneath the nanoindenter. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved

Improvement in nanoscale contact resistance of alumina

In all contact-related applications such as the wear-resistant inserts, biomedical implants, high strain rate impact-resistant plates, etc., nanohardness, i.e. the intrinsic contact resistance at the nano scale, plays a major role. In spite of the wealth of literature, the studies on nanohardness of dense, coarse-grain alumina ceramics which represent many commercial varieties; have reasonably good hardness at the macro scale and characteristically exhibit R-curve behaviour, are far from significant. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the experimental observations of the increase in intrinsic contact resistance at the nano scale with the loading rate applied to a high-density (similar to 95 % of theoretical) coarse-grain (similar to 20 A mu m) alumina ceramics. These observations were explained in terms of the initiation of nanoscale plasticity and maximum shear stress generated just underneath the nanoindenter

Thermal preparation of highly stable glass periodic changes with nano-scale resolution using a laser-inscribed hydrogen loaded seed template

Strong regenerated gratings with a maximum grating strength exceeding (40-50) dB are fabricated inside an optical fibre by bulk macro thermal processing ~900degC using a UV-laser seeded Bragg grating. Further annealing between 1000 and 1100degC leads to a stabilised grating ~18 dB in strength. This suffers no further degradation at 1100degC for the period monitored, over 4 hrs. To determine the potential resolution of this process, two regenerated complex profiles with no phase difference between seed and processed structures is reported. This opens the way for nano-engineering of materials using thermal processing and seed templates