Le discriminazioni razziali ed etniche. Profili giuridici di tutela

Il volume per la prima volta in Italia affronta il tema delle discriminazioni razziali ed etniche in dialogo tra giuristi italiani e stranieri e l'ufficio nazionale antidiscriminazioni razzial

THE CANINE ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 (CAdV-2) IN ITALIAN WOLVES (Canis lupus italicus): A PRELIMINARY STUDY

The canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) is associated with the infectious tracheobronchitis commonly called “kennel cough”, cosmopolitan in dogs but little explored in gray wolves. Our goals were (i) to evaluate the presence and circulation of CAdV-2 in free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus), through the analysis of spleens and tongues collected from 56 carcasses sampled in three Italian regions between August 2017 and July 2020, and (ii) to support the validity of a matrix such as the tongue, which was never used before. Samples were screened for the presence of CAdV-2 DNA using both PCR and real-time PCR assay. Positive results were related to sampling year, location, sex, age, genetic determination of species, and matrices tested. Three male wolves (5.4%) tested positive in tongue samples, demonstrating that the tongue is an excellent matrix for the detection of CAdV-2. To the best of our knowledge, no studies were performed to evaluate the usability of tongue samples to detect CAdV-2 DNA in grey wolves or other wild animals. The number of wolves tested positive suggests that, during the studied years, the circulation of CAdV-2 in Italian wolves showed a low frequency, consistent with irregular introductions of the virus by dogs or other wild carnivores in these populations. This preliminary study provides new data on the ecology of CAdV-2 in Italian wolves, although future studies are needed to fully understand its real circulation at a national scale, its pathogenetic role in gray wolves, and its risk of transmission to other wild carnivores

Chromatin-associated CSF-1R binds to the promoter of proliferation-related genes in breast cancer cells

The colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and its receptor CSF-1R physiologically regulate the monocyte/macrophage system, trophoblast implantation and breast development. An abnormal CSF-1R expression has been documented in several human epithelial tumors, including breast carcinomas. We recently demonstrated that CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling drives proliferation of breast cancer cells via 'classical' receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In this paper, we show that CSF-1R can also localize within the nucleus of breast cancer cells, either cell lines or tissue specimens, irrespectively of their intrinsic molecular subtype. We found that the majority of nuclear CSF-1R is located in the chromatin-bound subcellular compartment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that CSF-1R, once in the nucleus, binds to the promoters of the proliferation-related genes CCND1, c-JUN and c-MYC. CSF-1R also binds the promoter of its ligand CSF-1 and positively regulates CSF-1 expression. The existence of such a receptor/ligand regulatory loop is a novel aspect of CSF-1R signaling. Moreover, our results provided the first evidence of a novel localization site of CSF-1R in breast cancer cells, suggesting that CSF-1R could act as a transcriptional regulator on proliferation-related genes. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited